Answer:
To generate 6-phosphogluconate, the bacterium would need precursors from nucleic acid catabolism and intermediates from glycolysis. The bacterium would also need the cofactors NADP and NADPH. These precursors and cofactors can be obtained from the breakdown of glycogen, as well as from the catabolism of nucleic acids. In the most efficient pathway, the bacterium would use enzymes to convert these precursors and cofactors into 6-phosphogluconate. It is possible that additional enzymes and cofactors may be needed in this process, depending on the specific requirements of the bacterium.
Using the Metabolic Map as a resource, select the urea cycle reactions that occur in the mitochondria.
a. ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate → citrulline
b. arginine → urea + ornithine data
c. argininosuccinate → fumarate + arginine
d. ammonia + bicarbonate carbamoyl → phosphate
e. citrulline + aspartate → argininosuccinate
Using the Metabolic Map as a resource, select the urea cycle reactions that occur in the mitochondria will be " ammonia + bicarbonate carbamoyl → phosphate".
In the mitochondria, carbamoyl phosphate was made, and it is coupled using ornithine to become citrulline, and it is then transported outside of the mitochondria.
In order to efficiently produce ATP, the mitochondrial enzymes responsible for energy conversion are arranged within multiprotein complexes. N-acetyl glutamate synthase (NAGS), carbamyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1), as well as ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), three of the mammalian urea cycle enzymes, are found in the mitochondria.
The ATP-producing organelles known as mitochondria were located where the TCA cycle, fatty acid beta-oxidation, as well as oxidative phosphorylation processes are catalyzed by multi-enzyme complexes.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (d).
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Which of the following best predicts how GSK3β mutations can lead to the development of cancer?
answer choices
Cells with inactive GSK3β fail to trigger apoptosis.
Cells with inactive GSK3β fail to proceed past the G2/M checkpoint.
Cells with overactive GSK3β are more likely to repair DNA damage.
Cells with overactive GSK3β have longer cell cycles.
Cells with inactive GSK3β fail to trigger apoptosis. So, the correct option is (A).
What is Apoptosis?Apoptosis is defined as programmed cell death which occurs in multicellular organisms. These biochemical events lead to characteristic cell transformation and death where changes include cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and mRNA decay.
Tumor cells are able to evade apoptosis which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a protein kinase which phosphorylates serine and threonine amino acid residues on various substrates, thus activating various signaling pathways and performing various biological functions.
GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation on various substrates can lead to activation or deactivation of apoptosis depending on the cell type. Cells with inactive GSK3β fail to trigger apoptosis, predicting how GSK3β mutations may lead to cancer development.
Thus, cells with inactive GSK3β fail to trigger apoptosis. So, the correct option is (A).
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The enzyme ______ uses ATP to unwind the DNA template.
helicase
Prior to the replication fork, helicases are enzymes that catalyse the unwinding of parental DNA while also hydrolyzing ATP.
In lysates of E. coli, Arthur Kornberg discovered DNA polymerase for the first time in 1956. This enzyme's isolation was a seminal achievement in molecular biology since it offered a biochemical foundation for the manner of DNA replication that was first hypothesised by Watson and Crick. Ironically, however, E. coli DNA replication is not primarily carried out by DNA polymerase I, the first DNA polymerase to be discovered. Instead, it is now known that various DNA polymerases perform specific roles in DNA replication and repair in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
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Why i it important for the oxygen that enter your bloodtream to reach your cell?
It is important for the oxygen that enters your bloodstream to reach your cell in order to reach every part of the body to fulfill the oxygen demand.
All red blood cells contain a red pigment known as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is where oxygen binds and is transported throughout the body. The oxygen that is inhaled (breathed in) is carried through the bloodstream by red blood cells in tiny blood vessels in the lung to all parts of the body.
For metabolism, which produces carbon dioxide as a waste product, the cells require oxygen. The blood plasma transports the carbon dioxide back to the lungs via the bloodstream after it is absorbed from the cells and some of it binds to hemoglobin. When we exhale, it leaves the body there.
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(complete question)
Why it is important for the oxygen that enters your bloodstream to reach your cell?
How is the structure of DNA organized?
Answer: A double helix
The genetic material is duplicated during which stage of the cell cycle?a. the G phaseb. the S phasec. metaphase of mitosisd. cytokinesis
The cellular contents, excluding the chromosomes, and genetic material are duplicated during the G1 phase (Gap 1).
The process by which a cell prepares for cellular division is known as the cell cycle. The G1 phase, the S phase, the G2 phase, and the M phase are the four phases of the cell cycle.
The cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and produces the molecular building blocks it will require in subsequent steps during the G1 phase, also known as the first gap phase. Cells accomplish the majority of their growth in G1; They produce proteins and organelles, which are necessary for normal DNA synthesis, as they grow in size. Proteins and RNAs are made here, and the centromere and other centrosome components are made here as well.
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How many genes make up the human genome four adenine thymine guanine?
Genes are the hereditary units, which are present in the coded segments of the DNA. Genes carry the information from parent to daughter cells.
There are 20,000 to 25,000 genes that make up the human genome.
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint. It started in 1990 and was completed in 2003.
It remains the world's largest collaborative biological project. Planning started after the idea was picked up in 1984 by the US government, the project formally launched in 1990, and was declared essentially complete on April 14, 2003, but included only about 85% of the genome.
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The roots mast/o and mamm/o both mean:
Breast is the meaning of the roots mast and mamm. Both the metr/o and hyster/o roots denote the uterus.
mammoplasty Suffix and what it means -plasty - Medical restoration Putting form and meaning together: breast, mamm/o Definition of a medical term: Breast surgery for mending. a combining form used in the creation of compound nouns that means "marrow," "of the spinal cord": myelocyte. The testes are where sperm and testosterone, the main hormone involved in male sex, are produced.Breast is the meaning of the roots mast and mamm. Both the metr/o and hyster/o roots denote the uterus. Seminiferous tubules, coiling collections of tubes, are found inside the testes. Through a process known as spermatogenesis, these tubules are in charge of creating the sperm cells. The combining form "orchi-" is used as a prefix and can imply either "testicle" (testis) or "orchid." It relates to testicles in medicine.
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What is an allergic reaction ?
Answer:
Allergies are your body’s reaction to a substance it views as a harmful
Explanation:
“invader.” For example, coming into contact with what is normally a harmless substance, such as pollen, might cause your immune system (your body’s defense system) to react. Substances that cause these reactions are called allergens.
the pancreatic duct merges with common bile duct at the
The major bile duct, which emerges (together with the bile ducts) into the stomach at the "papilla of Vater," is made up of a series of channels that progressively come together to create a single stream.
A short tube called the cystic duct connects the gallbladder, which serves as a bile storage chamber, to the wall of the bile duct. Just before the ampulla of Vater, the pancreatic duct merges with the common bile duct, and then both channels puncture the main duodenal papilla on the lateral side of the second part of the duodenum. The papillary aperture at the end of the duodenal papilla, a tiny, nipple-like structure that extends into the duodenum, is where the common bile duct as well as the main pancreatic duct converge before emptying their content into the duodenum. The ampulla of Vater, which is situated at the beginning of the small bowel known as the duodenum, is formed when the pancreatic duct and common bile duct converge.
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1-Genes turn on or off to regulate the activity of : differentiation . RNA . mutation multifactorial disorders 2-Which public health issue is NOT listed as a priority in the Healthy People initiative ? oral health tobacco health on school campuses injury and violence 3-A sleep latency test measures how long takes you to fall asleep . records information such as the times you go to bed and awaken, and what you consume in the evening is repeated five times during the day in a sleep clinic . involves monitoring your sleeping habits at home 4-A person suffering from depression commonly experience A lack of guilt Fatigue Improved concentration An unusual passion for hobbies 5-Zaodesa year-old malt, a cardiovascular training programTo benetles from exercise, now he need to increases intensity workout? Once a week Once a month Once every two weeks Once every three weeks
Health on school campuses (c) is a public health issue that is NOT listed as a priority in the Healthy People initiative.
A sleep latency test is (c) repeated five times during the day in a sleep clinic. Every two hours during typical wake periods, a person is offered 4-5 opportunities to sleep as part of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). The test is used by the expert to gauge the degree of daytime drowsiness (also known as sleep latency) and the rate at which REM sleep starts in the patient.
A person suffering from depression commonly experiences (b) fatigue and (d) an unusual passion for hobbies. Depression is a mood illness that results in a constant sense of melancholy and boredom. It affects how you feel, think, and behave and can cause a number of mental and physical issues. You can struggle with doing routine daily tasks, and you might occasionally think life isn't worth living.
Zaodesa needs to increase his high intensity workouts to (a) once a week. Advantages of consistent exercise for cardiovascular risk factors are:
an improvement in exercise tolerancea decrease in body weightdecreased blood pressureLDL and total cholesterol levels are reducedaugmentation of HDL, the good cholesterolhigher insulin sensitivityLearn more about the Healthy People Initiative here:
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During meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes can exchange pieces of dna after they synapse.
a. True
b. False
True, during meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes can exchange pieces of dna after they synapse. After synapsing during meiosis, homologous chromosomal pairs can swap DNA fragments.
One cell divides into two diploid cells throughout this process. Meiosis and mitosis occur before DNA replication. Before puberty, the reproductive systems of both sexes are largely dormant. Meiosis is characterized by DNA replication, two rounds of cell division, and the formation of four daughter cells, each of which has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis I and Meiosis II are the names of the two meiotic divisions. Each chromosome's DNA is duplicated during the S phase of the cell cycle, creating two identical sister chromatids that are held together by sister chromatid cohesion until the start of meiosis.
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How long does a small tattoo take?
A small tattoo with lots of color, line work, details, or a tricky placement could take several hours.
The size has a significant impact on the finishing time. A basic quarter-size tattoo can take up to an hour to complete. Many tattoo artists work on an hourly basis.
The benefit of having a tiny tattoo is that you will not only spend less time at the parlor, but you will also spend less money. The higher the expense, the longer the task takes.
The design influences the details. Even if you get a tiny tattoo, expect to stay in the tattoo chair for a long time if detailed details are included. Time is required for Celtic knot-work design, jewelry style, and portrait tattoos.
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Which of the following is not associated with the pons?
a. Sensory information from the inferior region of the face
b. Sensory information from the superior region of the face
c. Sensory information from the middle region of the face Lateral eye movements
The factors which is not associated with the pons is Neck Movement.
Hence, option E is correct
The pons contains nuclei that relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, as well as nuclei that primarily deal with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, balance, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture.The pons has a convex anterior surface with a shallow groove in the middle for the basilar artery on gross examination. The roof of the fourth ventricle is formed by the middle cerebellar peduncles on both sides. Pons transverse sections appear pear-shaped.To know more about Pons here
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How many patterns of human settlement are there?
Urban settlements may be categorized into numerous sorts in keeping with their functions.
They consist of administrative towns, defence towns, port towns, commercial towns, mining towns, residential towns, motel towns.The 4 fundamental forms of settlements are urban, rural, compact, and dispersed.
Urban settlements are densely populated and are primarily non-agricultural. They are referred to as towns or metropolises and are the maximum populated sort of settlementHow many styles of human agreement are there.
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A plant can have green (G) or yellow (g) leaves. It can also have a long (K) or
short (k) stem. A scientist is preparing a Punnett square for a dihybrid cross
of a plant with a genotype GGKk. What possible gametes can the plant
produce?
O A. GK, Gk
• B. GK, gk
• C. GK, Gk, gk, gK
• D. GG, Kk
Answer:
The correct answer would be gk and gK.
Gamete refers to the haploid germ cell (male or female) which is able to fuse with another gamete of opposite sex of the same species in order to produce zygote.
According to the law of segregation only one copy of the gene (allele) is distributed to each gamete. In addition, it is a random process.
For example, gene Aa would result in the formation of two types of gametes. One will carry A and the other will carry a.
Now, according to the law of independent assortment, alleles of two or more genes are into the gametes independent of each other.
For example, in AABB alleles of gene AA and alleles of BB will be inherited independent of each other.
Now, gametes produced from gg will of only one type that is, g.
Gametes produced by Kk will be of two types which are K and k.
Lastly, all the alleles will be inherited independent of each other which forms two types of gametes. One bearing gK and one bearing gk.
Answer:
The correct answer is C. GK, Gk, gk, and gK.
Explanation:
During meiosis, the plant will produce gametes that contain one of the two alleles for each trait. The plant has two different alleles for the leaf color trait (G and g) and two different alleles for the stem length trait (K and k). Therefore, the plant can produce four different types of gametes: GK, Gk, gK, and gk. Each gamete will contain one allele for the leaf color trait and one allele for the stem length trait.
which component of dna replication only occurs on the lagging strand of dna and not on the leading strand?
On the leading strand, DNA synthesis occurs continuously. On the lagging strand, DNA synthesis restarts many times as the helix unwinds, resulting in many short fragments called “Okazaki fragments.”
What are the 2 main processes that occur during meiosis?
Meiosis generates diversity through two events: recombination and chromosome segregation.
Recombination is the process by which pieces of DNA are broken down and recombined to create new combinations of alleles. This recombination process creates genetic diversity at the gene level that reflects DNA sequence differences between organisms.
One of the most important processes in cell division is chromosome segregation, the division of genetic material into her two daughter cells. The mitotic spindle, a microtubule-based self-organizing intracellular structure found in all eukaryotes, is involved in chromosome segregation. Haploid gametogenesis requires precise chromosome segregation during meiosis. Improper chromosome segregation results in the formation of unbalanced gametes and aneuploid or polyploid offspring.
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During which meiotic phase do cells become haploid?
Answer:
During meiosis, the process by which cells divide to form reproductive cells, cells become haploid in the second meiotic phase, also known as meiosis II. This phase follows the first meiotic phase, or meiosis I, during which the chromosomes in the cell are divided into two sets of homologous chromosomes. Meiosis II then involves the further division of these homologous chromosomes, resulting in the formation of four haploid cells, each with a unique combination of chromosomes.
During meiosis II, the cells undergo two rounds of cell division, known as anaphase I and anaphase II. In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes that were separated during meiosis I are further divided, with one member of each pair moving to opposite poles of the cell. In anaphase II, the sister chromatids that were formed during meiosis I are separated, resulting in the formation of four haploid cells.
The formation of haploid cells during meiosis is important because it allows for the formation of genetically diverse offspring. By combining different combinations of chromosomes from each parent, the haploid cells produced during meiosis II provide the basis for the unique genetic makeup of each individual
Telophase II meiotic phase cells become haploid, DNA copied during the S phase just before meiosis.
What is the meiotic phase?The parent cell contains 92 chromosomes following the S phase since human cells typically have 46 chromosomes. The sister chromatids split during meiosis II, creating haploid cells with non-duplicate chromosomes.
Even though these cells are haploid and only have one chromosome from each homologous pair, they nonetheless have two sister chromatids.
Cells in the male or female sex organs go through one round of DNA replication before meiosis starts. Meiosis I and meiosis II, the two meiotic divisions, each have a number of stages. Meiosis I is a special kind of cell division that only occurs in germ cells, whereas meiosis II resembles mitosis.
Therefore, telophase II meiotic phase cells become haploid.
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Some conservation biologists focus on areas where the greatest number of unique species can be protected with the least amount of effort. These areas are called:
a. wildlife corridors.
b. habitat fragments.
c. biodiversity hotspots.
d. conservation concessions.
Some conservation biologists focus on areas where the most unique species can be protected with the least amount of effort. These areas are called: a. wildlife corridors.
Wildlife corridors are also referred to as green corridors and habitat corridors. Wildlife corridors can also go by the names ecoducts and eco passages.
These wildlife areas are intended to prevent local migratory animal species from encroaching on human populations in areas with a lot of interaction with wildlife. Also, these green corridors are there to keep animals away from highways, busy roads, and other places where their usual migratory routes meet potentially dangerous places made by humans.
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can you overwater your roses with respect to tonicity?
No it can not. Overwater your roses can cause the plant cell walls to break down.
Tonicity is the ratio of osmotic pressure between two fluids separated by a semipermeable membrane.
Water will enter the plant by osmosis because the solution outside the cell is hypotonic. The presence of a cell wall in plants when splashed with water in normal amounts will not cause the cells to lyse. However, if the plants are overwatered it causes the plant cell walls to break due to the excessive increase in pressure due to overwatering.
Overwatering plants can cause the roots to lack oxygen so that the plant roots die. Overwatering can also cause plant stems to become soggy and leaves to turn yellow.
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How can a neutral object become negatively charged?
When electrons are transferred to a neutral object from another, neutral object might then become negatively charged. moving electrons from either negative charges object to a neutral object to negatively charge it.
What is an electron example?The smallest elemental component of an atom, the electron has a negative charge. In a neutral atom, there are an adequate amounts of protons and electrons. One proton and one proton are all that the hydrogen atom has. In contrast hand, the uranium atom possesses 92 protons, which means 92 electrons.
What materials make up electrons?Quarks make up protons and neutrons, but not electrons. We believe that quarks and electrons represent fundamental particles that are not composed of lesser subatomic particles. Saying that everything is composed of particles is one thing.
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How long do tattoos take to heal?
Tattoos typically heal within 2 to 3 weeks after getting the tattoo.
The visible outer layer of the skin usually heals within two to three weeks of getting a tattoo. It can take as long as six months for the skin below a tattoo to truly heal, despite the fact that it may appear to be healed and you may be tempted to slow down your aftercare.
It takes longer for the skin around larger tattoos to heal, and certain factors, such as picking at the scabs, not moisturizing, skipping the SPF, and using an alcohol-based lotion, may impede the healing process.
For the first two weeks (or until the healing process is finished), you should moisturize your new tattoo at least twice a day. Numerous tattoo enthusiasts continue to apply daily moisturizer to their tattoos! The lotion is typically the most effective type of moisturizer.
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What is one link between the muscular system and the nervous system?
Neurons carry messages from the brain via the spinal cord. The neurons that carry these messages to the muscles are called motor neurons. Each motor neuron ending sits very close to a muscle fibre. Where they sit together is called a neuromuscular junction.
All of the body's muscles and the nerves that supply them are part of the neuromuscular system. The brain and muscles must communicate with each other for the body to move. By sending signals from the brain to various bodily organs, the nervous system establishes the connection between ideas and deeds. The neuromuscular system, which is made up of nerves and muscles, controls how the body moves and other processes like breathing.
Neurons are the cells found in nerves. Neurons in the spinal cord transmit information from the brain. Motor neurons are the neurons that transmit these signals to the muscles.
A muscle fiber is located extremely close to each motor neuron terminal. A neuromuscular junction is the location of their intersection. A substance is released by the motor neurons and is then taken up by the muscle fiber. By instructing the muscle fiber to contract, this causes the muscles to contract.
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Mike is a diabetic and cannot let his blood sugar get too high, what type of biomolecule should he avoid in foods?.
Mike is a diabetic and cannot let his blood sugar get too high, he should avoid Carbohydrates in foods. A carbohydrate is a biomolecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Diabetes is a medical condition in which the body's blood sugar level is not properly maintained. In diabetes, the insulin level or insulin receptor does not function properly.
Diets that have the potential to raise blood sugar levels are not permitted for diabetics. Mike has diabetes, so he shouldn't eat a lot of carbohydrates. The glucose and sugar molecules that result from the hydrolysis of carbohydrates raise the blood sugar level.
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What are the 3 main structures of the carpel what are their functions?
Answer:
The three main parts of a carpel are the stigma, style, and ovary.
Explanation:
why is screening or presumptive testing important? question 4 options: it saves time. it saves money. it is less complex than dna typing. it types the blood stain/sample into abo and rh groups. all of the above
The correct answer is: all of the above. Screening or presumptive testing is a type of testing that is used to quickly and efficiently identify the presence of certain substances or characteristics in a sample. This type of testing is important for a number of reasons:
It saves time: Screening or presumptive testing allows analysts to quickly identify the presence of certain substances or characteristics in a sample, which saves time compared to more complex and time-consuming testing methods.It saves money: Screening or presumptive testing is often less expensive than more complex testing methods, which can save money in the long run.It is less complex than DNA typing: Screening or presumptive testing is generally less complex and time-consuming than DNA typing, which involves analyzing the genetic material of a sample.It types the blood stain/sample into ABO and Rh groups: Screening or presumptive testing can be used to quickly identify the ABO and Rh blood groups of a blood sample, which is important in medical settings for blood transfusions and other purposes.Overall, screening or presumptive testing is an important tool that can save time, money, and resources while providing valuable information about the characteristics of a sample.
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What are the elements of a traditional poem?
Meter, rhyme, scheme, verse, and stanza are the elements of traditional poetry.
Poets who have reached a sublime state and are able to surrender themselves to their work in order to produce a poem that both builds on and stands on its own is the poetic tradition.
traditional poetry refers to verse shapes that have been around for quite a while and regularly follow a particular design. traditional poems frequently rhyme, however, rhyme is only one of the numerous primary components that might be incorporated. The poem may also be required to adhere to a particular rhythm or meter, address a particular type of subject matter, or include a particular number of lines or syllables, depending on the type. The form of traditional poetry must be strictly adhered to.
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How many elements are in Al₂Cl(OH)₅
Answer:
4
Explanation:
There are total four elements in the compound [tex]Al_2Cl(OH)_2[/tex]. They are as follows:Al: AluminiumCl: ChlorineO: OxygenH: Hydrogenfarmers on the great plains began to lose their crops during the depression because
a. the soil lost its fertility.
b. a fungus depleted the soil of nutrients. c. frequent rains eroded the soil.
d. a terrible drought dried the soil.
Option c
Farmers on the great plains began to lose their crops during depression because frequent rains eroded the soil.this occurs during the onset. Due to frequent rains the first the soil lose its fertility and slowly the soil was washed away.this leads to devastation and dust forms.
Without fertility and no proper soil it is difficult farmers to grow the crops.without the rooted plants which helps in holding the soil the farmers lose their crops.when the soil is eroded the leftover is dust and during windy days it forms the dust storms.this erosion of soil due to frequent rains effects the farmers both economically and commercially.
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