The heat of fusion of water is B. 348 J when 20g ice is dropped into the water at 35°C.
The heat of fusion of water is the amount of heat required to melt one gram of ice at 0.00°C. Since the ice melted in this experiment, we know that the heat of fusion must be greater than or equal to the amount of heat lost by the ice.
The heat lost by the ice can be calculated using the following equation:
Q = mc∆T
where Q is the heat lost by the ice, m is the mass of the ice, c is the specific heat capacity of ice, and ∆T is the change in temperature.
Using the values from the experiment, we have:
Q = (20.0 grams)(2.09 J/g°C)(35.0°C - 18.1°C)
Q = 348 J
Hence the correct option is B.
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. What is the mass of 4.75 mL of aluminum if its density is 2.1 g/mL?
Answer:
. What is the mass of 4.75 mL of aluminum if its density is 2.1 g/mL?
Explanation:
Hey ba.be can be frien.ds
Why is taq dna polymerase used in pcr reactions rather than a normal dna polymerase?.
Taq polymerase can withstand the high temperatures involved in PCR reactions whereas other normal DNA polymerases can get degenerated due to such high temperatures.
What is Taq polymerase?
In honour of the psychrophilic eubacterial microorganism Thermophiles aquaticus, from which it was first isolated by Chien et al. in 1976, I gave the thermostable DNA polymerase Taq its name. Taq as well as Taq pol are common shortened forms of its name. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique for greatly amplifying the quantity of brief segments of DNA, frequently employs it. The bacterium T. aquaticus is found in hot springs as well as hydrothermal vents, as well as Taq polymerase was found to be an enzyme that could withstand the protein-denaturing temperatures needed for PCR. Thus, it took the place of the DNA polymerase from E. coli that was initially utilised in PCR.
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review conceptual example 2 as background for this problem. a charged particle moves through a velocity selector at a constant speed in a straight line. the electric field of the velocity selector is 3900 n/c, while the magnetic field is 0.333 t. when the electric field is turned off, the charged particle travels on a circular path whose radius is 4.36 cm. find the charge-to-mass ratio of the particle.
The electric field is turned off, the charged particle travels on a circular path whose radius is 4.36 cm. The charge-to-mass ratio of the particle 6.819*10⁵ c/kg
F=Fe+Fb=0
qvB=qE
v=E/b
Fr=Fb=qvB=mv²/R
qvb=mv²/R
v=qBR/m
v=E/B
q/m=E/RB²=6.819*10⁵ c/kg
Consequently, an atom can be either positive, negative, or neutral. After receiving an electron from another atom, the charged particle becomes negative. If an electron is removed from it, it becomes positively charged. Applications of charged particles are susceptible to electric field and magnetic field management of their motion and energy. According to this definition, a charged particle is a particle that has an electric charge. At the atomic level, an atom consists of a nucleus that the electrons orbit. Protons and neutrons combine to create the nucleus, which has a positive charge. Any charged atom or molecule is an ion. It has a charge because the atom or molecule's number of protons and electrons is not equal. Positivity can be added to an atom.
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Occurs when the freezing point of a liquid is lowered by the addition of a solute.
When a liquid's freezing point is lowered or lowered by the addition of another component, freezing point depression occurs.
What is freezing point depression?
This will probably be the case for every issue you run into in this course involving freezing point depression as well as boiling point elevation, but it's a good idea to watch out for ions. It is important to note that both nonvolatile and volatile solutions can be modelled by these equations. This implies that the vapour pressure has no bearing on the change in temperature for the purpose of determining the freezing point depression as well as boiling point elevation. Additionally, keep in mind that a pure solvent is indeed a solution that hasn't had anything else dissolved or added to it. We'll contrast the solvent's original properties with those it acquires after being mixed with a solution.
ΔTf= Kf · b · i
ΔTf =freezing-point depression
Kf =cryoscopic constant
b =molality
i =van 't Hoff factor
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Two unknown compounds are tested. Compound contains 15.0 g of hydrogen anc
120.0 g of oxygen. Compound II contains 2.0 g of hydrogen and 32.0 g of oxygen.
Are the compounds the same?
The both compounds are different because their percentage compositions are different.
In order to confirm that weather both compounds are same or not we will check the mole ratio. If it is same the compounds will be same otherwise not..
Given that,
For compound 1,
Mass of hydrogen given as 15 g
Mass of oxygen given as120 g
Moles of hydrogen and oxygen are to be determined
Number of moles of hydrogen = 15 g/ 1g/mol = 15 mol
Number of moles of oxygen = 120 g/ 16 g/mol = 7.5 mol
Total no of moles = 22.5 mol
Percentage of hydrogen = 15 /22.5 × 100 = 66.7%
Percentage of oxygen = 7.5 / 22.5× 100 = 33.3%
For the compound 2,
Mass of hydrogen is 2 g
Mass of oxygen is 32 g
Moles of hydrogen and oxygen = ?
No of moles of hydrogen = 2 g/ 1g/mol = 2 mol
No of moles of oxygen = 32 g/ 16 g/mol = 2 mol
Total number of moles = 4 mol
Percentage of hydrogen = 2 /4 × 100 = 50%
Percentage of oxygen = 2 / 4× 100 = 50%
So, the both compounds will be different having different percentage compositions.
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a chemist prepares a solution of vanadium chloride by measuring out 1.20 g of vcl3 into a 300. ml volumetric flask and filling to the mark with distilled water. calculate the molarity of anions in the chemist's solution. be sure your answer is rounded to the correct number of significant digits.
The molarity of anions in the chemist's solution is 0.07629 M
What is chemical reaction ?
Chemical reaction, the process by which one or more substances (reactants) are transformed into one or more other substances (products). Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. Chemical reactions rearrange the constituent atoms of reactants to produce different substances as products.
Chemical reactions are an integral part of technology, culture, and even life itself. Fuel combustion, iron smelting, glass and pottery making, beer brewing, and wine and cheese making are just a few examples. Activities involving chemical reactions that have been around for thousands of years. Chemical reactions are abundant in a variety of complex processes that occur in Earth's geology, atmosphere and oceans, and in all biological systems.
1.20 g of VCl3 = mass / molar mass = 1.20 g / 157.3 g/mole = 7.629 * 10^-3 mole.
and
volume of solution = 300ml = 0.300 L
thus
molarity of VCl3 = 7.629 * 10^-3 mole / 0.300 L = 0.02543 M
VCl3 ............> V^3- + 3 Cl-
VCl3 produce three Cl- ions in water.
thus
molarity of Cl− anions = 3 * [VCl] = 3 * 0.02543 = 0.07629M
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What element is the Bohr model built on?
Bohr's work was primarily based on the emission spectra of hydrogen. This is also referred to as the planetary model of the atom. It explained the inner workings of the hydrogen atom. Hope this helps.
What is the density of hydrochloric acid?
Answer:
1.18 g/mL
Explanation:
1.2 g/mL at 25 °C
The primary component of gastric acid, which is created naturally in the human stomach to aid in food digestion, is hydrochloric acid, which is the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas. For a number of industrial and commercial uses, hydrochloric acid is manufactured synthetically.
In the food, textile, metal, and rubber sectors, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is frequently employed as a bleaching agent to neutralize alkaline substances. When discharged into the soil, it is neutralized, and when it comes into contact with water, it hydrolyzes quickly.
The gases released by volcanoes contain hydrochloric acid. Additionally, the majority of mammals' digestive tracts include hydrochloric acid.
When hydrogen chloride is present in the air in high concentrations, breathing can be dangerously difficult and even deadly. Chemical burns from hydrochloric acid can be extremely painful if they come into contact with skin or other tissues. Ingestion of hydrochloric acid can result in blindness.
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Earth i approximately 4. 5 billion year old. I it likely that any of the rock that were on Earth' urface when it firt formed are till in exitence?
Yes, the Earth's surface has changed very little since its formation.
What is earth's surface?
As the earth to be understood completely has to be modeled and thus based on some sort of functionality as the further development and the knowledge of geographic research can be widened.
Thus geographers have created the maps and the globe to project the image of the earth landscape on the flat piece of paper and hence create a more detailed account of the lands, oceans and the surface of the part with effects. Earth's crust is made of igneous, metamorphic, as well as sedimentary rocks, which range in composition from mud as well as clay to diamonds and coal. Igneous rocks, which are created when magma cools, are the most prevalent types of rocks in the crust. Granite and basalt are abundant igneous rocks in the crust of the Earth.
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How is an atom of the element xenon (Xe) likely to act during a chemical reaction?
(1 point)
It will likely lose electrons.
It will likely gain electrons.
It will likely be unreactive.
It will likely share electrons.
Considering the Noble Gases, the correct answer is the third option: Xenon it will likely be unreactive because it is a noble gas.
Valencia electronsValencia electrons are the electrons found in the last electronic layer (called valence orbitals). These electrons are what determine the ability of the atom to form bonds.
Noble gasesThe noble gases are a group of elements of the periodic table that are characterized, under normal conditions of pressure and temperature, as monatomic gases without odor, without color and with very low chemical reactivity.
The noble gases encompass the elements in group 18 of the periodic table and include six elements: Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon.
The noble gases are characterized by complying with the octet rule, that is, they have 8 electrons in their last energy level, with the exception of helium. This complies with the duet rule, because it only has two electrons.
In this way, the noble gases cannot have more electrons in their last energy level, because this level is already complete and stable. In this way, the noble gases have such a low reactivity and do not combine with other atoms, also calling them inert gases.
SummaryIn summary, Xenon is a noble gas and it will likely be unreactive.
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water is a polar solvent and hexane is a nonpolar solvent. which solvent would each of the following most likely be soluble in? a. ethanol (c2h5oh) b. octane (c8h18) c. potassium chloride d. hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)
Water is a polar solvent and hexane is a nonpolar solvent and therefore solvent that each would be soluble in are explained.
What is polar and non polar solvent?Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes. Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes. Water is a polar solvent and it will dissolve salts and other polar molecules and not non-polar molecules like oil. Petrol is a non-polar solvent and it dissolve in oil, but does not mixes with water.
Ethanol are soluble in both water and hexane.
Benzene, carbon dioxide and tetrachloromethane is soluble in octane as these compounds are nonpolar.
Potassium chloride is maximum soluble in water.
Hydrogen peroxide is also completely water soluble.
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suppose you are studying an unknown solution based on its precipitation reactions with other solutions, resulting in this data table.
na2so4 nacl na2co3
Unknown Precipitate No reaction Precipitate
Which compounds might be your unknown?
a. Pb(NO3)2
b. AgNO3
c. Ba(NO3)2
d. Ca(NO3)2
e. Sr(NO3)2
Ba(N03)2 is the unknown compound. correct option is (C).
Na2So4 -----> precipitate
Nacl ---------> No reaction
Na2Co3 --------> precipitate
Ba (No3)2 + Na2So4 -----------> BaSo4 (s) + 2 NaNo3 (aq)
Here white precipitate of barium sulphate will be produced.
Ba (No3)2 + Na2Co3 ------------> BaCo3 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
Here white precipitate of barium carbonate will be produced.
Titration is a process of chemical analysis in which the quantity of some constituent of a sample is determined by adding to measured sample to an exactly known quantity of another substance with which the desired constituent reacts in a definite, known proportion.
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Which atom, listed below, has an ionization energy that is different than you would
predict based off ENC values?
O Ge
O As
O Br
O Se
Ge has an ionization energy that is different than you would predict based off ENC values.
What is ionization therapy?Ionization enthalpy, which is used to turn an isolated gaseous atom into a gaseous cation, is the minimal amount of energy needed to remove the loosestly bonded electron.
Electron volts (eV) per atom, kilocalories per mole, or kilojoules per mole are used as units of measurement. Both the force of attraction between electrons and the nucleus and the force of repulsion between electrons are factors affecting I.E.
In an electric discharge tube, where a fast-moving electron produced by an electric current collides with a gaseous atom of the element, causing it to eject one of its electrons, the ionization energy of a chemical element, expressed in joules or electron volts, is typically measured.
Therefore, Ge has an ionization energy that is different than you would predict based off ENC values.
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Describe reasonable syntheses of benzophenone, CH.CC,Hs, from each of the following Starting materials and any necessary inorganic reagents. (a) Benzoyl chloride and benzene (e) 1,1,2,2-Tetraphenylethene, (CH3)C=C(CH),
Benzene treated with Bromine in the prep of lewis Acid Bromo Benzene is formed, After that magnesium metal is used in This Grignard reagent treated with Benzoyl- chloride Benzophenone is synthesized.then Grignard reagent fomeel.
When 1, 1, 2,2, tetraphenyl ethene, on ozonolysis the alkene change into ketone, thus Benzophenone is formed.
Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride composed of benzene with one hydrogen replaced by an acyl chloride group. It is an important chemical intermediate for the production of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals.
It acts as a carcinogen. To convert benzene to benzyl chloride he used two techniques. Fielded-Crafts alkylation reaction. Halogenated. There is evidence that α-chlorinated toluene and benzoyl chloride cause lung cancer in humans and benzoyl chloride has been shown to cause skin cancer in animals.
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True or false? several food webs can be combined to make a food chain.
Answer:
the answer is true
Explanation:
the reason why is because if you look at it a chemical in a repeating form os a compound so that means it is the same properties for food.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Many different species eat grass, and rabbits can eat other plants besides grass. Foxes, in turn, can eat many types of animals and plants. Each of these living things can be a part of multiple food chains.
A cycle consists of a carefully balanced set of molecules. In order for the cycle to continue, this balance must be maintained. How many turns of the calvin cycle must occur before one molecule of g3p can leave?.
The Calvin cycle must occur before the molecule exits g3p is 3.
Three Calvin cycles are required to make the G3P molecule. This allows the G3P molecule to break out of the cycle and continue making glucose. All three requirements are required:
Chlorophyll pigments, chloroplast "theater" and enzyme catalysis. In the first stage, it converts light energy into chemical energy, which until then is stored in ATP and NADPH molecules.
In the second step of the Calvin Cycle, the carbon-fixed 3-PGA molecule is converted to the monosaccharide molecule glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This stage uses energy from ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The Calvin cycle harnesses the chemical energy of ATP and reduces the power of NADPH from a light-dependent reaction to produce tricarbonate.
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question content areascoring: your score will be based on the number of correct matches minus the number of incorrect matches. there is no penalty for missing matches. use the references to access important values if needed for this question. arrange the following elements in order of increasing metallic character: clear all magnesium strontium calcium beryllium least metallic second least metallic second most metallic most metallic
The following is the order of metallic character from least metallic character to most metallic character:-
Beryllium → Magnesium → Calcium → Strontium → Barium
Metallic character refers to the level of reactivity of a metal. Metals tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions, as indicated by their low ionization energies.
Within a compound, metal atoms have relatively low attraction for electrons, as indicated by their low electronegativities.
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the pressure of 5.0 l of gas increases from 1.50 atm to 3.1 atm. what is the final volume of the gas, assuming constant temperature?
The volume of the gas at constant temperature would be 4.60 L.
How this is done?
P1 = 1.5 atm
V1 = 5 lit
P2 = 1240 mm Hg = 1.63 atm
V2 = ?
P1V1 = P2V2
1.5 X 5 = 1.63 X V2
V2 = 7.5
The volume of a fixed mass of a gas decreases on cooling it and increases by increasing the temperature.
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 (Sometimes known as Charles's Law)
V1 = is the starting volume
T1 = is the starting temperature
V2 = is the finishing volume
T2 is the finishing temperature
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What is the correct term for rising water vapor meeting colder air and turning back into water droplets?.
How would the shape of a dna molecule change if adenine paired with guanine and cytosine paired with thymine?.
The DNA molecule would have irregular widths along its length.
What occurs when thymine and cytosine and adenine and guanine are combined?Hydrogen bonds connect the bases of one strand to the bases of the second strand. Both adenine and cytosine form constant connections with thymine and guanine, respectively. The two strands spiral around one another as a result of the bonding, forming a structure known as a double helix.
As shown in panel C, no hydrogen bonds could form between adenine (A) and cytosine (C) because their hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are incompatible. Thymine and guanine are incompatible with one another.
Thymine and Cytosine have smaller chemical structures than Adenine and Guanine, which have bigger structures. Adenine and Thymine always pair with each other while Cytosine and Guanine do the same. This is due to the size and structure of the individual nucleotides. As a result, the two DNA strands are viewed
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Since hot packs release heat, you might assume that cold packs release cold. Use the definition of endothermic to explain why this view of cold packs is not accurate.
Cold packs release cold is not an endothermic reaction as it absorbs heat from the surroundings.
Endothermic reaction is a reaction that absorbs heat from the surrounding to form a product .the entropy of the surrounding decreases.in endothermic reaction enthalpy change is positive.since hot packs release heat it involves endothermic reaction.it is a type of enterogenic reaction.it involves decrease in temperature as it absorb heat from the enviroment.it stores energy in the form of reaction.bond breaking requires energy while bond making release energy.Enthalpy change is the amount of energy absorbed in a reaction carried out at a constant pressure.Entropy is the measure of the disorder of the system.this explains hotpack release hot is a endothermic reaction and cold pack won't release cold.
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Answer:
Cold absorbs heat
Explanation:
Endothermic means accompanied by or requiring the absorption of heat, this view is not accurate because cold absorbs heat.
Which of the following statements correctly reflects the most important consequence of Paull's exclusion principle? Click the answer you think is right.
a. An atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons as long as they have the same spin.
b. An energy level can hold a maximum of two electrons of opposite spin.
c. An atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons as long as they have opposite spins.
d. Orbits fill from lower to higher energy levels.
An atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons as long as they have the same spin. correct option is (A).
Pauli exclusion principle for -
electrons says that no electrons can have the same values of the four quantum numbers in an atom. Quantum numbers are principle quantum number (denoted $5^{\prime} n^{\prime}$ )
it is also know as energy states. $n=1,2,3,4 \ldots$ (Also known as shell)
ii) Azimuthal quantum number (denoted as ' $l$ ') \\Azimuthal quantum number is decided based on th$m_s=\pm \frac{1}{2}$. The spin of electrons in an orbital will be opposite to each $\theta$ other and values are $+\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{2}$So :-\\Energy level, $n > 1$ can hold more than two electrones.
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identify necessary precautions when carrying out a vacuum filtration with organic materials.
while carrying out a vacuum filtration with organic materials these things should be kept in mind always;
1. melting point should be estimated by quick heating.
2. melting should be observed carefully by supplying slow heating.
3. careful measurement should be recorded during filtration.
vacuum filtration is also known as suction filtration used for separating the solid particles from the liquids by applying a driving force that pulls the liquid from the filter and the solid remains outside the filter. examples of vacuum filtration are making tea as we can separate tea leaves from tea by using a strainer in a cup.
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A nonreciprocal crossover causes which of the following products? A) deletion only. B) duplication only. C) nondisjunction. D) deletion and duplication
Duplication and deletion are brought on by a nonreciprocal crossing. When genetic material is transferred to one genome but not the other, this is known as a nonreciprocal crossover.
When genetic material is transmitted to one genome but not the other, this is known as a nonreciprocal crossover. No genetic material will then be added to replace the donated material, leaving the giving chromosome with a loss. Uneven crossing over is a sort of gene duplication or deletion process that eliminates a sequence from one strand and substitutes a duplication from the homologous chromosome during meiosis or from the sister chromatid during mitosis.
The term "independent assortment" describes how different genes or alleles sort into newly formed gametes. Chromosomes are independently divided into different gametes, leading to this independent assortment. Be aware that during crossing over, genes on each chromosome are rearranged.
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If a fluid has an average speed of 0. 5 m/s through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 2m2 what is the fluid’s average speed if the cross-sectional area is changed to 4m2.
If a fluid has an average speed of 0. 5 m/s through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 2 m², the fluid’s average speed will be 0.25 m/s
Initial average speed of fluid (v₁) = 0.5 m/s
Initial cross-sectional area of pipe (A₁) = 2 m²
Final cross-sectional area of pipe (A₂) = 4 m²
Final average speed of fluid (v₂) = ?
We will find out the final average speed of the fluid (v₂) by using the following equation:
A₁ v₁ = A₂ v₂
Rearrange the equation for v₂
v₂ = A₁ v₁ / A₂
Put the values in the above equation
Final average speed of fluid v₂ = (0.5 m/s × 2 m²) / 4 m²)
Final average speed of fluid v₂ = 1 m/s / 4
Final average speed of fluid v₂ = O.25 m/s
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What is the wavelength of 1.28 x 10 17 Hz wave
Answer:
2.34 x 10⁻⁹ m
Explanation:
To find the wavelength, you need to use the following equation:
λ = c / f
In this equation,
-----> λ = wavelength (m)
-----> c = speed of light (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s)
-----> f = frequency (Hz or s⁻¹)
You can find the wavelength by plugging the given value and constant into the equation and solving for "λ". The final answer should have 3 sig figs like the given value (1.28 x 10¹⁷ = 3 sig figs).
λ = c / f <----- Given Equation
λ = (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s) / (1.28 x 10¹⁷ Hz) <----- Insert variables
λ = 2.34 x 10⁻⁹ m <----- Divide
Calculate the number of moles of NaCl in 534 grams of NaCl.
Answer: 9.13 mol
Explanation:
The equation that would be used is n=m/M (n=number of moles m=mass M=molar mass)
We know the m is 534g so to find the number of moles we need to know the molar mass (found on the periodic table)
THe molar mass of NaCl is 58.5
n= 534/58.5
n= 9.13 mol (3sf)
substance normal boiling point hf 293k f2 85k the electron cloud of hf is smaller than that of f2 , however, hf has a much higher boiling point than f2 has. which of the following explains how the dispersion-force model of intermolecular attraction does not account for the unusually high boiling point of hf?
The electron cloud of HF is smaller than that of F₂. The following explains the dispersion-force model of intermolecular attraction does not account for the unusually high boiling point of HF is : liquid F₂ has weak dispersion force of attraction between the molecules and HF has both the weak dispersion force of attraction and hydrogen bonding between molecule.
The both dispersion force and the hydrogen bonding intermolecular attraction is present in the molecule of HF. this is the reason that HF has much higher boiling point than F₂. HF has high electronegativity difference between atoms, the molecules of HF will be tightly packed and have higher boiling point.
Thus, The electron cloud of HF is smaller than that of F₂. The following explains the dispersion-force model of intermolecular attraction does not account for the unusually high boiling point of HF is : liquid F₂ has weak dispersion force of attraction between the molecules and HF has both the weak dispersion force of attraction and hydrogen bonding between molecule.
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what is the total pressure of a gaseous mixture that contains three gases with partial pressures of 0.845 atm, 120 torr and 210 mm hg?
The total pressure of a gaseous mixture that contains three gases with partial pressures is 972 torr.
When more than one gas is present in a container, each gas exerts pressure, which is known as partial pressure. Its partial pressure refers to the pressure of any gas inside the container.
According to Dalton's Law, also known as the Law of Partial Pressures, the combined pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of their individual partial pressures.
1 - 0.845 atm - 0.854 atm x 760 Torr/atm = 642 torr
2 - 120 torr
3 - 210 mmHg - 1 mmhg is almost equivalent to 1 torr - therefore its 210 torr
total pressure - 642 + 120 + 210 = 972 torr
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Anna is conducting an experiment to determine how weather affects cell phone reception. She is trying to decide the best way to conduct her experiment in order to collect meaningful data.
Which of the following experiments would help Anna collect the best data?
A.
Test a cell phone's reception in the exact same location under various atmospheric conditions.
B.
Test different cell phones in different locations on days with rainy weather.
C.
Test different cell phones in different locations on days with clear weather.
D.
Test a cell phone's reception in one location with clear weather and in another location with rainy weather.
Answer: A
Explanation: Components of an experiment:
Independent variable:
A manipulated variable, in an experiment or study, whose presence or degree incurs a change in the dependent variable.
Dependent variable:
A variable which is being studied in the experiment and is supposed to change with respect to the independent variable.
Control variable:
Control variable includes the variables which are of no concern in the experiment and must be constant so that they do not interfere with the results of the experiment. Change in control variable might affect the results of an experiment.
In Anna's experiment, the independent variable is the atmospheric conditions. The dependent variable is cell phone reception that will change according to the atmospheric conditions. All other things related to the experiment are control variables like cellphone, location of the cell phone. Both of these must stay constant to collect the best data.
Hence, the best option is A.