From the comparison of methane and hydrogen gases, it is found that Hydrogen gas, H₂ will be the best fuel
From the given question, we have:
CH4 and H₂ have fuel values as following;
For CH4=55.5mj/kg
For H[tex]_{2}[/tex]=142mj/kg
When we combust CH4 It will produce CO[tex]_{2}[/tex] gas and water as a product. The CO[tex]_{2}[/tex] gas is an environment pollutant and it also has low fuel value
However, if we combust H₂, It will produce only H₂O, which is environmentally healthy and also produces more fuel value.
Hence, H₂ will be the best fuel
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Which is a benefit of using synthetic polymers, such as nylon?
Synthetic polymers are lightweight.
Synthetic polymers are produced in small quantities.
Synthetic polymers are biodegradable.
Synthetic polymers are inexpensive to recycle.
Answer:
it's A
Explanation:
Synthetic polymers are lightweight
Consider the combustion of methane, CH4:
Suppose 2.8 moles of methane are allowed to react with 5.0 moles of oxygen.
How many moles of CO2 can be made from this reaction?
CH4+202 → CO2+2H2O
(Answer should have three significant figures).
The number of moles of CO₂ that can be made from the reaction is 2.5 moles
We'll begin by obtaining the limiting reactant for the reacion. This is given below:
CH₄ + 2O₂ —> CO₂ + 2H₂O
1 mole of CH₄ reacted with 2 moles of O₂
Therefore,
2.8 moles of CH₄ will react with = 2.8 × 2 = 5.6 moles of O₂
From the above, we can see that a higher amount of O₂ is needed to react with 2.8 moles of CH₄. Thus, O₂ is the limiting reactant.
How to determine the mole of CO₂ producedWe can determine the moles of CO₂ produced as follow:
From the balanced equation above,
2 moles of O₂ reacted to produce 1 mole of CO₂
Therefore,
5 moles of O₂ will react to produce = 5 / 2 = 2.5 moles of CO₂
Thus, the number of moles of CO₂ produced is 2.5 moles
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DO
O Point B
O Point C
A
Where is the total mechanical energy greatest?
O Point A
O Point D
O Same for all points
B
Answer:
Explanation: it was said that work is done upon an object whenever a force acts upon it to cause it to be displaced. Work involves a force acting upon an object to cause a displacement. In all instances in which work is done, there is an object that supplies the force in order to do the work. If a World Civilization book is lifted to the top shelf of a student locker, then the student supplies the force to do the work on the book. If a plow is displaced across a field, then some form of farm equipment (usually a tractor or a horse) supplies the force to do the work on the plow. If a pitcher winds up and accelerates a baseball towards home plate, then the pitcher supplies the force to do the work on the baseball.
a sample of gas occupies a volume of 1.820 liters at stp. what pressure, in atmospheres, would it exert if it transferred to a 1.425 liter vessel in which the temperature is raised to 25.2 ?
This question's correct answer is 1.395 atm. It will exert 1.395 atm of pressure in atmospheres if transferred to a 1.425 litre vessel with a temperature of 25.2 C.
Boyle's Law: The relationship between Pressure and Volume, The volume of a gas decreases as the pressure on it increases because the gas particles are forced closer together. In contrast, as a gas's pressure decreases, its volume increases because the gas particles can now move farther apart.
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We can use the equation f = c/ λ to relate frequency (f), speed of light (c), and wavelength (λ) together. Note: c is a constant (the speed of light) and is equal to 3.00 x 108 m/s
1. Fill in the table below
f = c/ λ
c = 3.00 x 108 m/s
Frequency for red is [tex]4.61\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex].
wavelength for orange is [tex]590\times 10^{-9} m[/tex] .
wavelength for green is [tex]510\times10^{-9} m[/tex].
frequency for blue is [tex]6.31\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex].
frequency for indigo is [tex]6.74\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex].
wavelength for violet is [tex]4\times 10^{-9}/m[/tex].
For red : [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]
λ = [tex]650\times 10^{-9}[/tex]
f = c/ λ
f = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{650\times10^{-9} }[/tex]
f = [tex]4.61\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex]
For orange : [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]
f = [tex]5..08\times 10^{14}/s[/tex]
λ = [tex]\frac{c}{f}[/tex]
λ = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{5.08\times10^{14} }[/tex]
λ = [tex]590\times 10^{-9} m[/tex]
For green : [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]
λ = [tex]5..88\times 10^{14}/s[/tex]
λ = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{5.88\times10^{14} }[/tex]
λ = [tex]510\times10^{-9} m[/tex]
For blue : [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]
λ = [tex]475\times 10^{-9}/m[/tex]
f = c/ λ
f = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{475\times10^{-9} }[/tex]
f = [tex]6.31\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex]
For indigo : [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]
λ = [tex]445\times 10^{-9}/m[/tex]
f = c/ λ
f = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{445\times10^{-9} }[/tex]
f = [tex]6.74\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex]
For violet : [tex]c = 3.00 x 10^{8} m/s[/tex]
f = [tex]750\times 10^{14} s^{-1}[/tex]
λ = [tex]\frac{c}{f}[/tex]
λ = [tex]\frac{3.00\times 10^{8} }{750\times10^{14} }[/tex]
λ = [tex]4\times 10^{-9}/m[/tex]
What is wavelength?Wavelength can be defined as the distance between the crests or troughs of two successive waves. It is measured in the direction of the wave.
Wavelength is the distance of a wave (which can be an electromagnetic wave, a sound wave or any other wave) from one crest to another or from one base to another. A crest is the highest point of a wave, while a trough is the lowest. Since wavelength is a distance/length, it is measured in units of length such as meters, centimetres, millimetres, nanometres, etc.
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What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?.
Depending on how the changed amino acid performs in the body. A protein's ability to function may be completely lost if another amino acid is substituted, where as substituting one may have no discernible impact.
The fundamental molecule used to create proteins is known as an amino acid. Twenty distinct amino acids are available. A gene encodes the sequence of one or more chains of amino acids (known as polypeptides) that make up a protein. While some amino acids (called essential amino acids) can be produced by the body, others (called non-essential amino acids) cannot and must be received through diet. In marketing for food products, the phrase "amino acid" has crept into everyday speech. Some foods, like eggs or quinoa, have been listed as having "large levels of amino acids." And from this point on, you will recognize those labels as referring to a crucial protein component that is functional rather than static.
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Classify the following acids as monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic.
H2CO3
HBr
H2SO4
H3PO4
The classification of acids.
monoprotic acid - HBr ,
diprotic acid - H2SO4 , H2CO3,
triprotic acid - H3PO4.
A monoprotic acid is an acid that can donate the handiest one proton, while polyprotic acid can donate a couple of protons. in addition, a monoprotic base can best accept one proton, at the same time as a polyprotic base can receive multiple protons.
Any acid that consists of just one hydrogen atom in its method is monoprotic, however, a few acids that contain more than one hydrogen atom also are monoprotic. In different phrases, all unmarried-hydrogen acids are monoprotic however not all monoprotic acids comprise the handiest unmarried hydrogen.
A diprotic acid is an acid that yields two H+ ions consistent with acid molecule. Examples of diprotic acids are sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and carbonic acid, H2CO3.
A tricrotic acid is an acid that has 3 dissociable protons that go through stepwise ionization.
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60 POINTS! All atoms want 8 valence electrons. If metals lose to get to eight and nonmetals gain to get to 8, what would the charge be in each column started by the following elements? Include the +/-.
Charge
Hydrogen:
Beryllium:
Boron:
Carbon:
Charge
Nitrogen:
Oxygen:
Fluorine:
Neon:
The charge on the atoms of the elements when they gain or lose electrons to have 8 valence electrons is:
Hydrogen: H⁺Beryllium: Be²⁺Boron: B³⁺Carbon: C⁴⁺Nitrogen: N³⁻Oxygen: O²⁻Fluorine: F⁻Neon: Ne⁰What are valence electrons?Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outermost electron shells of an atom.
According to the octet rule, atoms will gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration.
Considering the given elements:
Hydrogen will lose one electron to become H⁺
Beryllium will lose two electrons to become Be²⁺
Boron will lose three electrons to become B³⁺
Carbon will gain four electrons to become C⁴⁻
Nitrogen will gain three electrons to become N³⁻
Oxygen will gain two electrons to become O²⁻
Fluorine will gain one electron to become F⁻
Neon will neither gain nor lose electrons as it is stable as Ne⁰.
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What determines a substance's State??
a. the size of its particles
b. the amount of Substance
c. the speed of its particles and the attraction between them
d.the chemical energy that the Substance has
in your experiment, first a solution of sodium carbonate and water was used to extract caffeine from the tea. then caffeine was extracted from this solution using an organic solvent. why was the organic solvent not used directly to extract caffeine from tea? group of answer choices caffeine is only soluble in water caffeine is present in the form of a partial ionic complex in tea caffeine will sublimate if extracted directly with methylene chloride or ethyl acetate from tea caffeine is not soluble in methylene chloride or ethyl acetate (organic solvents)
The organic solvent was not used directly to extract caffeine from tea because caffeine will sublimate if extracted directly with methylene chloride or ethyl acetate from tea; option C.
What are solvents?Solvents are substances in which other substances are dissolved.
Solvents are of two types;
organic solvents - these are usually non-polar solvents and are derived from organic materials. An example is benzene.inorganic solvents- these are usually polar and are obtained from inorganic sources. An example is water.Based on the principle of like dissolves like, organic solvents are used to dissolve organic materials. For example, caffeine will be more soluble in organic solvents than in inorganic solvents.
On the other hand, inorganic solvents are used to dissolve inorganic materials. For example, water will dissolve inorganic salts better.
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answer the following questions to determine the structure of compound a. a. the molecular formula of compound a is c10h12o. determine the number of rings or double bonds (you can’t distinguish between the two yet) present in compound a.
The degree of unsaturation of [tex]C_{10}H_{12}O[/tex] is found to be 5.
Unsaturation is the insertion of a double or triple bond into a saturated molecule by the removal of hydrogen atoms. Unsaturation is achieved in any molecule by removing hydrogen atoms and generating double or triple bonds in the substance. Because hydrogen atoms are withdrawn during the creation of double bonds, the degree of unsaturation is also known as the index of hydrogen deficit. This might be due to the addition of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, such as halogens or nitrogen, or it could simply be a shift in the hybridization of the carbon atoms. Understanding the structure and location of numerous bonds, particularly in long fatty acids, requires knowledge of the degree of unsaturation. Knowing the amount of carbons, hydrogen nitrogen, or halogens allows you to compute the degree of unsaturation. Even while it does not provide the individual number of rings, double bonds, or triple bonds, it does provide an overall indication of the degree of unsaturation in a compound.
Degree of Unsaturation (DoU) = ((2C + 2) – N – X – H)/2
DoU of [tex]C_{10}H_{12}O[/tex] = ((2 x 10 + 2) – 12) / 2
DoU = 10/2
DoU = 5
Therefore, the given compound has a degree of unsaturation of 5.
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part 3: the amount of sodium chloride in the original mixture can be determined directly by subtracting the mass of the empty beaker from the total mass of the beaker with the sodium chloride after evaporation. alternatively, the mass of sodium chloride can be determined indirectly by subtracting the masses of ammonium chloride and sand from the initial mass of the mixture.
The mass of NaCl is found to be 2.828g by indirect method and the % difference is (x – 2.828) / 2.828 x 100.
Mass is the amount of matter in a physical object. It is a measure of the body's inertia, or resistance to acceleration whenever a net force is applied. The mass of an item also influences the intensity of its gravitational pull to other things. Mass is a dimensionless quantity that represents the amount of matter in a particle or object.
% difference is the variation in the values between the measured mass and the mass obtained by subtraction. The % difference refers to the difference between the observed mass and the mass obtained by subtraction divided by the mass by subtraction x 100.
Given:
Mass of mixture = 10g
Mass of ammonium chloride = 0.529g
Mass of sand = 6.643g
To find:
Mass of NaCl = ?
% difference = ?
Calculations:
By using the indirect method,
Mass of NaCl = Mass of mixture – (Mass of ammonium chloride + mass of sand)
Mass of NaCl = 10 – (0.529 – 6.643)
Mass of NaCl = 2.828g
% difference = (measured mass – mass by substraction) / mass by substraction x 100
Since we do not know the mass of empty dish,
% difference = (x – 2.828) / 2.828 x 100
Result:
The mass of NaCl is 2.828g and the % difference is (x – 2.828) / 2.828 x 100
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You have a solution that contains 100 ml of 1. 5 m potassium carbonate and another 100 ml solution that contains 1. 0 m fecl2 and 2. 0 m nabr. When you mix the two solutions together to form a precipitate. What is the precipitate and how much is formed assuming the insoluble product precipitates completely?.
Based on the solubility of all the possible cation and anion combinations, the precipitate will be iron(II) carbonate. Based on its molar mass, 11.6 g of it will precipitate.
Generally, all the potassium salts and all the sodium salts (with the exception of sodium bicarbonate) are water soluble, so the precipitate must be the iron(II) salt. Iron(II) bromide is water soluble, but iron(II) carbonate isn't (only ammonium carbonate and alkaline carbonates display high solubility), so that's going to be precipitate.
We have 0.100 L * 1.5 M = 0.15 mol of carbonate ions and 0.100 L * 1.0 M = 0.1 mol of iron(II) ions, so because they react in a 1:1 ratio, we have an excess of carbonate ions and 0.1 mol of iron(II) will precipitate. Now we calculate the mass of the precipitate based on its molar mass:
M = (56 + 12 + 3 * 16) g/mol = 116 g/mol
n = m/M ⇒ m = n*M = 0.1 mol * 116 g/mol = 11.6 g
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a compressed air tank used by scuba divers has a volume of 8.0l at a pressure of 1.4 x10^2 atm. what volume would the air in the tank occupy at a pressure of 742 torr
The volume of the air occupied in the tank at 742 torr is found to be 1147.54L by using Boyle’s law.
Boyle's law is an experimental gas law that specifies how the pressure of a gas decreases as the volume or capacity of the container increases.
According to Boyle’s law, if the temperature and quantity of gas stay constant within a closed system, the absolute pressure applied by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely related to the volume it fills.
Given:
V1 = 8L
P1 = 1.4 x [tex]10^2[/tex] = 140atm
P2 = 742 torr = 0.976atm
To find:
V2 = ?
Formula:
P1V1 = P2V2
Calculations:
V2 = P1V1 / P2
V2 = 140 x 8 / 0.976
V2 = 1147.54L
Result:
The volume of the air occupied in the tank at 742 torr is found to be 1147.54L
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the the atomic radius of helium in m and nm
The atomic radius of helium is 28 pm.
What is helium?
Helium is indeed an element in the periodic table with the atomic number 2 and the symbol He. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas and the first element in the periodic table's noble gas group. It has the lowest boiling and melting points of any element. It is the second most plentiful and second lightest element in the visible universe. Its abundance is comparable to that of the Sun and Jupiter due to helium-4's extremely high nuclear binding energy (per nucleon) in comparison to the next three elements after helium. This helium-4 binding energy is also responsible for its existence as a byproduct of both nuclear fusion and radioactive decay. Helium-4 is the most abundant element in the universe.
The atomic radius of helium is 28x10⁻¹² m.
The atomic radius of helium is 28x10⁻³ nm.
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Helium is an "Inert" gas .the atomic radius of helium in 3.1 × 10^-11 m and atomic radius of helium in7.559 × 10^-14nm.
The atomic radius of helium is the shortest, thus why?The atom with the smallest radius is helium, as explained. The valence electrons are kept near to the nucleus because of the trends in the periodic table and the effective nuclear charge. Atomic radius decreases as you move up and down a group and left to right throughout a period.
Can helium be produced?The second most common element in the universe is helium, which is present everywhere. On Earth, though, it's considerably less typical. It must be extracted from natural gas wells and cannot be manufactured artificially.
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an unknown compound contains only c , h , and o . combustion of 3.50 g of this compound produced 6.99 g co2 and 2.86 g h2o . what is the empirical formula of the unknown compound? insert subscripts as needed.
The empirical formula of the unknown compound is C2H4O
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
------
molar mass of CO2 = 44 g/ mole
Moles of CO2 =6.99/44 = 0.152 moles
Since there is 1 mole of C in CO2
so, no. of moles of C = 0.152moles
mass of C = 0.152x 12 = 1.824 g
-------
molar mass of H2O = 18 g/ mole
moles of H2O =2.86/18 = 0.158moles
Since there are 2 moles of H in H2O
so, no. of moles of H = 0.158x2 = 0.317 moles
mass of H = 0.317x1.0079 = 0.3202g
--------
Total mass of H and C = 0.3202+1.824 = 2.144g
mass of sample = 3.50 g
mass of O = 3.50 - 2.144= 1.356 g
moles of O=1.356/16= 0.08475 moles
molar ratio of C : H : O =1.824 : 0.3202 : 0.08475
smallest number = 0.0847
Divide number of moles of C,H and O by the smallest number:
Molar ratio of C : H : O = 21.53 : 3.9 : 1.0
= 2:4:1
Hence the Empirical formula is C2H4O
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assuming the dielectric constant of butyl acetate and ethyl acetate is near equal, which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for the higher equilibrium vapor pressure of ethyl acetate?
Assuming the dielectric constant of butyl acetate and ethyl acetate is near equal, the intermolecular force which is primarily responsible for the higher equilibrium vapor pressure of ethyl acetate is Induced dipole-induced dipole.
An Induced dipole-induced dipole or Dipole-Induced Dipole Force is a type of force that is generated by a polar molecule in a non-polar atom or a non-polar molecule or between asymmetric molecules.
It is a weak attraction that is caused by the disturbance of electron arrangement when a polar species approaches a non-polar species.
In general, these forces are known as London dispersion forces.
For example, these forces are present in Helium due to the uneven distribution of electrons.
Similarly, in the dielectric constant of butyl acetate and ethyl acetate is near equal, then Induced dipole-induced dipole will be responsible for higher equilibrium vapor pressure.
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What trend does the reactivity of most nonmetals show in a periodic table, excluding the noble gases?
random changes without any trends on the periodic table
changes according to trends on the periodic table
increases from left to right across the periodic table
decreases from left to right across the periodic table
The trend which depicts the reactivity of most nonmetals show in a periodic table, excluding the noble gases is that increases from left to right across the periodic table and is denoted as option C.
What is Periodic table?This is referred to as the tabular arrangement of elements into groups and periods according to their similar features such as reactivity, conductivity, valence electrons etc.
In the table, the reactivity of most nonmetals such as nitrogen decreases top down within groups and increases from left to right across period which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Answer:
its B! :)
Explanation:
c was not true ❕
How many milliliters of [tex]H_{2}[/tex] gas at STP are required to fully hydrogenate 1.68 g of [tex]C_{6} H_{8}N_{2}[/tex] (adiponitrile) according to the following hydrogenation reaction scheme?
[tex]C_{6}H_{8}N_{2}(l) + 4H_{2}(g)[/tex] → [tex]C_{6} H_{16}N_{2}(s)[/tex]
Answer:
The answer is
21.5 L
.
So, start with the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrochloric acid
2
HCl
→
H
2
+
Cl
2
Notice that you have a
2:1
mole ratio between
HCl
and
Cl
2
, which means that every 2 moles of the former will produce 1 mole of the latter. The number of moles of
HCl
you have is.
Explanation:
I don't know if that is but I try my best just correct me if I'm wrong thank you!!
Two different cars, the Model S and Model T, use different substances in their engines. The image above shows the two substances. At room temperature, both substances are liquids. A car mechanic transferred the same amount of energy out of the two containers, but only one substance changed phase. Which car’s substance changed phase, and how did it change?
Answer:
The Model T’s substance changed phase because the attraction of the molecules was able to overcome their slower movement. Its molecules now move in place.
around each indicated atom in the organic structure, determine the expected angle. large organic molecule with angles indicated. angle a is a h-n-c angle; the nitrogen has three bonds and a lone pair. angle b is a h-o-c bond; the oxygen has two bonds and two lone pairs. angle c is a n-c-c bond; the central c has a one triple bond and one single bond. angle d is a h-c-h bond; the carbon has four bonds. angle e is a h-c-c bond; the central carbon has one double bond and two single bonds.
The bond angles of each of the bonds are;
A - 107 degrees
B- 104.5 degrees
C- 120 degrees
D - 109.5 degrees
E - 120 degrees
What is the bond angle?We define the bond angle as the angle that exists between two atoms that have been bonded together. We must note that the bond angle depends on the nature of the bond between the atoms as well as the kind of the atoms that are bonded.
It should be noted that the presence of lone pairs on any of the atoms that is involved in the bond would tend to decrease the bond able of the bond.
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What atom matches this electron configuration?
1s22s22p63s2
Magnesium
Lithium
Sulfur
Chlorine
Answer:
Magnesium
Explanation:
To recognize what element this is, we can simply look at the last orbital (3s2) and go to the periodic table and see what element is in that final orbital.
We go to row 3 (because of the 3s orbital) and then we have 2 electrons in that orbital, meaning that our element in the configuration is Magnesium.
river water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of . group of answer choices potential energy kinetic energy thermodynamics entropy chemical energy
River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of Potential Energy.
What is Potential energy?
Potential energy is refered to as energy that is stored – or conserved - in an object or substance. This stored energy is based on the position, arrangement or state of the object or substance. There are two types of potential energy namely:
Gravitational potential energyElastic potential energyThe water or river behind a dam stores gravitational potential energy since it is at a higher level than the water on the other side of the dam.
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according to the phase diagram below a sample of water exists in two phas w at a pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 0C
If the pressure is increased from 1 atm to 10 atm maintaining the constant temperature of 0℃, Ice will change to liquid water
We know that, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. When pressure in a system increases, the volume would decrease or vice versa.
In the given scenario, the pressure is increased from 1 atm to 10 atm. As the pressure is increased, the volume would decrease.
At 0℃, the volume of ice is higher than the volume of water. The forward reaction is the formation of water which has lower volume from ice. Thus, increasing the pressure would cause the ice to melt and results in the formation of water in liquid state.
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One beaker contains a single compound, another an element, another a heterogeneous mixture, and another a homogeneous mixture. Which beaker's content's are a single compound?
The first beaker will contain a single compound, while another beakers will contains mixture of components.
What is mixture?A mixture is defined as a composition made up of two or more chemical components that do not mix chemically.
It can also be defined as a substance formed by the combination of two or more separate substances that does not result in a chemical reaction.
There are two types of mixture.
Homogenous mixture - It is defined as a combination with the same proportions of its constituents in a given amount of sample. Heterogenous mixture - It is defined as a combination in which the composition varies throughout the solution.Thus, the first beaker will contain a single compound, while another beakers will contains mixture of components.
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if the density of ocean water at a depth of 10,000 m is 1.071 g/ml and if 25.0 g of water at that depth contains an additional 190 mg of kcl, what is the molarity of kcl? 8
If the density of ocean water at a depth of 10,000 m is 1.071 g/ml and if 25.0 g of water at that depth contains an additional 190 mg of KCl, the molarity of KCl will be 0.109M.
Given data:
Depth= 10000m
Density= 1.071 g/ml
M (water)= 25g
M (KCl) = 190mg
Volume can be determined by using the formula:
Volume= Mass/Density
= 25/1.071 = 23.34ml
It is known that:
No of moles= Mass/ Molar Mass
Molar Mass of KCl= 74.5 g/mol
Now, put the value of mass and molar mass in above formula:
n = 0.190/74.5
= 0.002550 moles
Molarity of KCl= no of moles/volume(L)
= 0.002550/23.34* 10⁻³
= 0.109 M
Therefore, the molarity of KCl will be 0.109 M.
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If one electron is removed from sodium during a reaction, which energy level becomes the valence shell?
If one electron is removed from sodium during a reaction energy level becomes the valence shell is outermost shell
Electrons are the smallest of the particles that make up an atom, and they carry a negative charge a neutral sodium atom is likely to achieve an octet in its outermost shell by loosing its one valence electron the cation produce in this way is Na⁺ is called as sodium ion distinguish it from element and the outermost shell of sodium ion is the second electron shell which has eight electrons in it
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How can the Swartz process be modified to work for bacteria?
Alkyl chlorides and alkyl bromides are typically transformed into alkyl fluorides in the organic reaction known as the Swarts Reaction.
Swarts' reaction is normally used to get alkyl fluorides from alkyl chlorides or alkyl bromides. that is done with the aid of heating of the alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of the fluoride of some heavy metals.
The partial fluorination of nonpolar natural polyhalides with antimony trifluoride within the presence of antimony pentachloride or chlorine is normally known as the Swarts response and the combination of antimony trifluoride and chlorine (SbF3 + Cl2) is known as the Swarts reagent.
Swarts reaction converts Alkyl chlorides or alkyl bromides Alkyl fluorides. Reacts may be primary halides, secondary halides, alkyl halides and benzyl halides, however does not occur for tertiary reactions, vinyl and aryl halides.
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Which two gas samples contain equal numbers of atoms?
(A) helium and neon
(B) helium and argon
(C) neon and argon
(D) neon and krypton
Which student's question would be the MOST useful to determine this?
Student 2, because only Bronsted-Lowry bases will neutralize acids.
Student 3, because the pOH can be used to calculate the pH of the base.
Student 4, because a Bronsted-Lowry base always accepts a proton from an acid to form a conjugate acid.
Student 1, because if the base reacts with an acid and produces water and a salt it is a Bronsted-Lowry base.
Student 4 because a Bronsted-Lowry base always accepts a proton from an acid to form a conjugate acid.
Kb = 4x[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
C 0.01
where C is concentration.
∵[OH-] = [tex]\sqrt{K.c}[/tex]
[oh-] = [tex]\sqrt{√4x10^{-4} D}[/tex]
= [tex]\sqrt{4*10^{-6} }[/tex] = [tex]\sqrt{2*10^{-3} }[/tex]
∴ H(+) = [tex]10^{-14} / 2*10^{-3} = 0.5*10^{-11}[/tex]
ph = - log ([tex]H^{+}[/tex])
= - log [tex](1/2*10^{-11})[/tex]
11 - log (1/2)
= 11 + 0.3010
= 11.3010
(~11-12).
In the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases, acids are proton H + donors and bases are proton acceptors. A conjugate base is formed when a Bronsted-Lowry acid loses a proton. Similarly, when a Brønsted-Lowry base gains a proton, a conjugate acid is formed. When a Bronsted acid or just an acid reacts with a Bronsted base or just a base a proton is transferred from the acid to the base. This forms another acid called the conjugate acid and another base called the conjugate base.
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