3 rules that ionic compounds must follow

3.195 grams of Na₂SO₄ are needed to completely precipitate the Ba²⁺ ions as BaSO₄ from 150 mL solution of 0.150 M BaCl₂.

Chemical precipitation is the process of changing a liquid into an insoluble form or supersaturating a solution in order to transform it into a solid. When two ionic bonds combine in an aqueous solution, a chemical process known as the precipitation reaction takes place, resulting in the formation of precipitates, an insoluble salt.

The equation becomes:

Na₂SO₄(aq) + BaCl₂(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)

1 mole              1 mole         1 mole        2 mole

Given that,

150 mL solution of 0.150 M BaCl₂.

Now, molar mass of Na₂SO₄ = (23×2 + 32 + 16×4) g/mol = 142 g/mol

Mole ratio Na₂SO₄ : BaCl₂ = 1 : 1

Moles of BaCl₂ formed = (0.150 mol/l) × (150/1000 L) = 0.0225 mol

Moles of Na₂SO₄ needed = (0.0225 mol) × (1/1) = 0.0225 mol

Mass of Na₂SO₄ needed = (0.0225 mol) × (142 g/mol) = 3.195 gm.

So, 3.195 grams of Na₂SO₄ are needed

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where??? coz there is nothing below

The final temperature of the water after the ice melts, given that the water has an initial temperature of 62.39°C, is 63.06 °C

We can obtain the final temperature of the water after the           ice melts as follow:

Heat of cold = -heat of warm

ML + MC(T – Tᵢ) = -MᵥᵥC(T – Tᵥᵥ)

(12.68 × 334) + [12.68 × 4.184 (T - 0)] = -316.81 × 4.184 (T - 62.39)

4235.12 + 53.05312T = -1325.53304T + 82700.0063656

Collect like terms

53.05312T + 1325.53304T = 82700.0063656 + 4235.12

1378.58616T = 86935.1263656

Divide both sides by 1378.58616

T = 86935.1263656 / 1378.58616

T = 63.06 °C

Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the final temperature is 63.06 °C

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The volume of 0.240 M KOH that is needed to react completely with 11.4 mL of 0.110 M H₂SO₄ is 10.45mL.

The volume required by a solution to react with a substance can be calculated using the following formula:

CaVa/CbVb = Na/Nb

Where;

According to this question, a neutralization reaction occurs between aqueous H₂SO₄ and aqueous KOH as follows:

H₂SO₄(aq) +2KOH(aq) → 2H₂O(l) + K₂SO₄(aq)

If 0.240M KOH is needed to react completely with 11.4mL of 0.110M H₂SO₄, the volume of KOH needed can be calculated as follows:

11.4 × 0.110/0.240 × Vb = 1/2

1.254/0.240Vb = 1/2

1.254 × 2 = 0.240Vb

Vb = 2.508 ÷ 0.240

Vb = 10.45mL

Therefore, 10.45mL is the volume of the base needed to neutralise the acid.

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The given 4.8 x 10⁻¹⁷ nanometers in meters is equal to 4.8 × 10⁻²⁶ m.

The nanometre or nanometer can be described as a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) and is equal to one billionth (short scale) of a meter (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres. In scientific notation, One nanometre can be expressed as 1×10⁻⁹ m.

Given, the length in nanometers = 4.8 x 10⁻¹⁷ nm

We know that the 1 nm = 1 × 10⁻⁹ m

1 nanometer is equal to meters = 1 × 10⁻⁹ m

4.8 × 10⁻¹⁷ nm will be equivalnet to meters =  4.8 × 10⁻¹⁷ × 10⁻⁹ m

4.8 × 10⁻¹⁷ nm = 4.8 × 10⁻²⁶ m

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What traits were you trying to control in the cattle is the most reasonable question.

a person who cultivates the and the  land and grows to the  crops on it agriculturists who adhere to their magnetic organization's standards of organic product is a good farming.

An agriculturist, agriculturalist, agrologist, or the  agronomist, is a  professional in the science, se can say them farmers alsopractice, and the  management of agriculture and technology and agribusiness. It is a type of  regulated profession in the  Canada, India, the Philippines, the United and  States, and the European Union.

Robert Bakewell is an it's  agriculturist that revolutionized sheep and to the  cattle breeding in England. He inherited his radiation father's farm and the  he innovated brreding of the  techniques. He separated his male and to the  female livestocks to prevent random breeding. He further advanced a method method that tells desirable traits were exaggerated by inbreeding by the  and undesirable traits were removed from the  the breeding population.

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Internal reversibility, Therefore, during reversible operations, the universe's entropy changes nothing. We can see that for a reversible, adiabatic operation, the change in a system's entropy is zero.

dS=dQT=0 holds because any reversible process may be characterized as the sum of numerous infinitesimally small Carnot cycles. As a result, the entropy S is a state variable and the integral is independent of the path it takes. In strictly speaking, such route independence is only true for reversible processes.

This procedure could proceed way without breaking the second law. Reversible processes are those of the latter type. A reversible process' main characteristic internal reversibility, Therefore, during reversible operations, the universe's entropy changes nothing. We can see that for a reversible, adiabatic operation, the change in a system's entropy is zero.

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The white is denser because it has less volume, but a lot more matter. Option 4.

The density of a substance is the ratio of its mass and its volume. This can be mathematically expressed as:

Density = mass/volume.

For the cube with 5 cm sides and 250 g mass, the density can be derived by first calculating the volume as follows:

Volume = 5 x 5 x 5

            = 125 [tex]cm^3[/tex]

Its density can be calculated as:

Density = 250/125

            = 2 g/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

For the cube with a mass of 320 g and 4 cm sides, the volume and density can be calculated as follows:

volume = 4 x 4 x 4

            = 64 [tex]cm^3[/tex]

Its density can then be calculated as:

Density = 320/64

            = 5  g/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

Thus, the white cube is denser because it has a higher density by having less volume but more matter (mass).

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Heat produced during the decomposition of 15 g of calcium carbonate is calculated to be 26.67 KJ.

The heat evolved or absorbed during a reaction is known as reaction enthalpy and it is negative for exothermic reaction and positive for endothermic reaction.

As we know that heat produced when one mole of calcium carbonate decomposes is 177.8 KJ. Therefore, 15 g or 0.15 moles of calcium carbonate when decomposed will give 26.67 KJ of heat.

As we know, molar mass of calcium carbonate is 100 g.

So, no. of moles in 15 g becomes 15 /100

= 0.15 moles.

So, 100 g of calcium carbonate decompose to produce 177.8 KJ

Heat evolved after decomposition of 0.15 moles is

=0.15 × 177.8 KJ = 26.67 KJ.

Therefore, heat evolved in the decomposition of 15 g of calcium carbonate is  found to be 26.67 KJ.

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Answer:

if 5.3 moles of carbon dioxide is produced in the combustion of propane, 1.77 moles of oxygen would have reacted in the reaction.

Explanation:

To determine the number of moles of oxygen that reacted in the combustion of propane, you can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

C3H8 + 5 O2 -> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

In this equation, one mole of propane reacts with five moles of oxygen to produce three moles of carbon dioxide and four moles of water. If you know the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced in the reaction, you can use the balanced equation to determine the number of moles of oxygen that reacted.

For example, if 5.3 moles of carbon dioxide is produced in the reaction, you can use the balanced equation to determine the number of moles of oxygen that reacted:

5.3 moles CO2 / 3 moles CO2/mole O2 = 1.77 moles O2

The mass of the materials used in making sparklers is determined by the mole ratio of the reactants in the chemical reactions that occur.

Sparklers are a kind of fireworks that do not explode but rather sparkle when they are lit.

The materials used in sparklers include materials such as:

Fuels such as iron, (Fe), aluminum (Al), or magnesium (Mg).

Oxidizers such as potassium nitrate( KNO₃) and potassium chlorate (KCLO₃).

Colorants that imbue color to the sparklers.

The reaction that occurs in sparklers is a chemical reaction. In sparklers, magnesium, aluminum, and iron each react with oxygen gas. The heat released from the reactions of the metal with oxygen causes the decomposition of the oxidizers such as potassium chlorate to potassium chloride and oxygen gas which is then used for further oxidation of the metals.

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Question 1

The formula mass of methanol is [tex]12.0+3(1.01)+16.0+1.01=32.04[/tex] g/mol.

Therefore, in 5.0 grams of methanol, there are [tex]5.0/32.04=\boxed{0.16}[/tex] moles.

Question 2

The formula mass of copper(II) carbonate is [tex]63.5+12.0+3(16.0)=123.5[/tex] g/mol.

This means that in 9.0 grams of copper(II) carbonate, there are [tex]9.0/123.5=0.072874493927126[/tex] moles.

Using Avogradro's number, there are [tex](0.072874493927126)(6.022 \times 10^{23})=\boxed{4.4 \times 10^{22}}[/tex] molecules.

Question 3

The formula mass of cyclohexane is [tex]12.0(6)+1.01(12)=84.12[/tex] g/mol.

So, 3.0 grams of cyclohexane is the same as [tex]3.0/84.12=\boxed{0.036}[/tex] moles.

Question 4

The formula mass of benzene is [tex]12.0(6)+1.01(6)=78.06[/tex] g/mol.

This means that 4.00 moles of benzene has a mass of [tex](78.06)(4.00)=\boxed{312}[/tex] grams.

Question 5

1000 atoms of calcium is the same as [tex]\frac{1.000}{6.022 \times 10^{23}}[/tex] moles.

This is equal to [tex]\frac{1000}{6.022 \times 10^{23}} \cdot 40.078=\boxed{6.7 \times 10^{-20}}[/tex] grams.

Measurement of temperature by Chemist involving Mean and SD:

The distribution of F is (a) F = N(104, 3.24).

A  mean is calculated by dividing the total number of values by the sum of all the values. The term "average" is frequently used to describe this measure of central tendency.

In statistics, the measurement of variability known as the standard deviation (SD) is frequently utilized. It demonstrates how different things are from the norm (mean). While a high SD shows that the data are dispersed throughout a wide range of values, a low SD suggests that the data points tend to be close to the mean.

As,E[ax+b]=aE(x)+b

Var(ax+b)=a∧2(Var(x))

Now, F=1.8C+32

E(F)=1.8×E(C)+32=1.8×40+32

E(F)=104

Var(F)=1.82×1=3.24

std_dev(F)=√(3.24)=1.8

So, F ≈ N(104,3.24).

Measurement of temperature by Chemist involving Mean and SD:

The distribution of F is (a) F = N(104, 3.24).

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False, Acetylene is extremely flammable when under pressure and ignites spontaneously in air when pressures are more than 15 psi. Since acetylene cylinders are devoid of oxygen, they pose a risk of asphyxiation when released.

The acetylene equipment's working pressure is crucial: A maximum acetylene pressure of 0.62 bar (9 psi) is permitted only with specially constructed equipment.

Even though acetylene is hotter, it emits less heat. The most common preheating method uses oxygen and propane. This is true. Propane has more heat that is readily available.

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The contraction of the muscle is brought about by an Action Potential that moves from the nerve to the muscle. After the neurological system sends a signal, muscles start to contract.

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The heat energy required to change 100g of ice at -25°C to water at 75°C is 45.36KJ

Specific latent heat if fusion of a substance is the quantity of heat required to covert unit mass of the substance at melting point to its liquid form without change in temperature. The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 336000J/kg. The heat required is given as H= ml

Specific heat capacity of a substance is the heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass substance by 1°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/kg/°C

Therefore the ice will change to water and it's temperature will now increase. This means that the heat required to change ice if -25°C to water of 75°c is H = ml + mc∆T

H = (0.1×33600)+0.1×4200×75-(-25)

H= 3360+42000

H= 45360J = 45.36KJ

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Be is a metal with a low level of electronegativity.

Option a is correct.

High electronegativity elements are typically electrical insulators and nonmetals, and they frequently act as oxidants in chemical processes. On the other hand, elements with low electronegativity are typically metals, excellent electrical conductors, and have a propensity to act as reluctant in chemical reactions.

Francium, which has an electronegativity of 0.7, is the lowest value of any element. The electronegativity is calculated using the Pauling scale.

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Lowest Energy: Lithium, Sodium, Strontium, Potassium, Copper, Calcium.
Highest Energy: Barium.

Energy is the capacity to cause change. It is the ability of a system to do work, and can take a variety of forms, such as kinetic, potential, electrical, chemical, thermal, and nuclear. Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy in the universe is constant. Energy powers all living organisms, and is the driving force behind physical and chemical changes. Examples of energy transformations include light energy converted to heat energy, and chemical energy in food converted to mechanical energy in muscles. Through the use of renewable sources of energy, such as solar, wind and water, humans are able to use energy sustainably and reduce their impact on the environment.

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Answer:4.03

Explanation:

The symbol or formula:
a)  ammonium ion = [NH₄] ⁺

B) chromate ion = [CrO₄] ⁻²

c) tin (II) =Sn ⁺²

d) nitrate ion = [ NO₃] ⁻¹

How to represent the ions?

Ions are atoms or molecules that have a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons. They can be represented by either a dot notation or a Lewis structure. In the dot notation, the number of valence electrons around the atom is indicated with dots located around the symbol representing the element. If the atom has a negative charge, a superscript minus sign is placed next to the element symbol. If the atom has a positive charge, a superscript plus sign is placed next to the symbol. In the Lewis structure, a line is used to represent an electron pair and a pair of dots is used to represent a single electron. The element symbol is placed in the center and the surrounding electrons are drawn in the shape of a circle around it.

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Positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negative ion ions (Cl ) combine to generate sodium chloride (NaCl). Chemical bond is the form of bonding that exists between these ions.

As an electrolyte particularly, sodium chloride is used to assist reduce heat cramps brought on by excessive perspiration. The production of a typical isotonic solution of sodium chloride also uses this medication. There is no need for a license to get this medication.

To replace salt and water that have lost from your body as a result of certain conditions, sodium chloride 23.4% injection is employed (eg, hyponatremia or low salt syndrome). Furthermore, it is added to IV fluids that contain carbohydrates and parenteral nutrition total (TPN).

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1. Nitrate 2. Nitrite 3. Nitroxyl 4. Hydroxylamine 5. Ammonia.

Nitrate is converted to nitrite via the assimilatory pathway, which is then further converted to ammonia—a source of nitrogen for biosynthesis—by assimilatory nitrite reductase.The dissimilatory route also converts nitrate to nitrite from nitrate.

Dissimilatory & assimilatory nitrate reductases are thus genetically different in P. aeruginosa.To stop nitrate-based slow dissimilatory development, both enzymes must be lost.Both dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reductases need molybdenum to work properly.

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A reaction is said to as "spontaneous" if it happens in conditions that encourage the production of products.When the standard change in free energy is positive and energy is absorbed, a chemical reaction is referred to be an endergonic reaction (also known as a nonspontaneous reaction).

The two categories of chemical reactions that can take place in the environment are spontaneous and nonspontaneous reactions. When a certain set of circumstances are present, spontaneous reactions happen on their own. For the non-spontaneous processes to continue, energy must be given.Accordingly, exergonic describes spontaneous responses whereas endergonic describes non-spontaneous reactions. The primary distinction between spontaneous and nonspontaneous reactions is the release of free energy from the system, which increases stability, as opposed to nonspontaneous reactions, which increase the system's overall energy.

complete question:Classify each solid as a covalent; ionic, metallic, or molecular solid. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins: View Available Hint(s) Reset Help pure calcium, red phosphorus ,sugar ,calcium fluoride-Covalent, lonic, Metallic, Molecular.

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Answer:

:)

Explanation:

ΔH(reaction) = sum of the bond energies of bonds being broken - sum of the bond energies of the bonds being formed.

What does "bond energy" mean?

What does a high bond energy mean?

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Answer:

Ag2CrO4

silver chromate, 331.966 g/mol

Ag=65%, Cr=15% O=19%

CH4

Methane, 16 g/mol

C=75% H=25%

Ca3(PO4)2

calcium Phosphate, 310 g/mol

Ca=38.7% P=20% O=41.3%

C7H5N3O6

227 g/mol

C=37% H=2.2% N=18.5% O=42.3%

K2C6H5O7

BAIDAR citron, 267 g/mol

CoCl2

Cobalt (ll) Chloride, 129.93

Explanation:

[tex]molar \: mass = m \div n \\ (m = mass \: of \: a \: substance \: in \: gram \: ) \\( n = no. \: of \: moles)[/tex]

Ag2CrO4

Ag=108, Cr=51.996, O=16

[tex]m = \frac{108 \times 2 + 51.996 + 16 \times 4}{1} \\ = 331.966[/tex]

Ag percentage in Ag2CrO4

[(108x2)/331.966]x100

=65%

Cr percentage in Ag2CrO4

[51.966/331.966]x100

=15%

O percentage in Ag2CrO4

[(16x4)/331.966]x100

=19%

CH4

C=12 H=1

12+1x4=16 g/mol

C percentage in CH4

(12/16)x100

75%

H percentage in CH4

(4/16)x100

25%

Ca3(PO4)2

Ca=40 P=31 O=16

40x3+31x2+16x8

=310 g/mol

Ca % in Ca3(PO4)2

[(40x3) /310]x100

38.7%

P % in Ca3(PO4)2

[(31x2)/310]x100

20%

O % in Ca3(PO4)2

[(16x8)/310]x100

41.3%

C7H5N3O6

C=12 H=1 N=14 O=16

12x7+1x5+14x3+16x6

227 g/mol

C % in C7H5N3O6

[(12x7)/227]x100

37%

H % in C7H5N3O6

[(1x5)/227]x100

2.2%

N % in C7H5N3O6

[(14x3)/227]x100

18.5%

O % in C7H5N3O6

[(16x6)/227]

42.3%

please add this on brainleist it took me long time to write

The electron pairs in (C.)Ccl4 are arranged in a tetrahedral pattern around the carbon, necessitating sp3 hybridization. The four bonds between carbon and chlorine are formed by four sp3 hybrid orbitals.

One's' orbital and three 'p' orbitals of equal energy are mixed in this process to create a new hybrid orbital known as sp3. Tetrahedral symmetry and a combination of s and p orbitals are preserved at 109.280. Ethane is an example of sp3 hybridization (C2H6).

The hybridization theory was created by chemist Linus Pauling in 1931 to use atomic orbitals to describe the structure of basic molecules like methane (CH4).

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Le chatelier's principle addition reactions

The addition of HNO3 moves the equilibrium to the right

so more amount of Ni(OH)2 S will be dissolved

The reaction will be;

Ni(OH)2 + HNO3 ⇔ Ni(NO3)2 + H2O

A chemistry principle known as Chatelier's principle (or the Equilibrium Law) is used to forecast how a change in circumstances would affect chemical equilibria. The theory is named after the separate discovery by Karl Ferdinand Braun and occasionally French scientist Henry Louis Le Chatelier. It is possible to state:

A simple system in thermodynamic equilibrium shifts to a new equilibrium when a concentration, temperature, volume, or pressure change is applied. This new equilibrium partially cancels out the previous change.

Systems of simultaneous equilibrium can also exhibit phenomena that appear to defy Le Chatelier's principle.

so from this principle;

The addition of HNO3 moves the equilibrium to the right

so more amount of Ni(OH)2 S will be dissolved

The reaction will be;

Ni(OH)2 + HNO3 ⇔ Ni(NO3)2 + H2O

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Acetylcholine is released from the vesicles and into the synaptic cleft upon stimulation of the presynaptic terminal, where it is free to connect with receptors.

The central nervous system's output neurons are known as motor neurons (MNs). Muscle contraction is a direct result of their activity. At the neuromuscular junction, MNs release acetylcholine (ACh), which was widely acknowledged by the 1940s.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that serves as a neurotransmitter in the bodies and brains of numerous animal species, including humans. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which is how its name was derived from its chemical composition.

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6 moles of carbon dioxide produces 1 mole of glucose in this reaction. Thus, 18.6 moles produces 3.1 moles or 558 g of glucose.

Photosynthesis is the biological reaction of water with carbon dioxide in presence of light to give glucose an oxygen gas. Photosynthetic reaction takes place in green plants to synthesis energy.

As per the balanced equation of the reaction, 6 moles of water combines with 6 moles of carbon dioxide to produce 1 mole of glucose. Here water is taken in excess and carbon dioxide is 18.6 moles.

The number of moles of glucose produced from 18.6 moles of carbon dioxide = (18.6 ×1)/3 =  3.1 moles.

Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mol.

3 moles of glucose = 180 × 3.1 = 558 g.

Therefore, the theoretical yield of the photosynthetic reaction with 18.6 moles of carbon dioxide is 558 g of glucose.

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