11. How much energy is required to heat 120.0g of water from 2.0 C to 24 C

Charge on neutron, proton and electron is 0,1,-1 respectively, proton and neutrons are in nucleus while electron are in orbitals, the mass of electron is nearly 0 while mass of proton and neutron is 1 amu and only proton and neutrons are made up of quarks.

Electron, neutron and proton, all three are sub-atomic particles.

The charge on Neutron is 0.

The charge on Electron is -1.

The charge on Proton is +1.

Protons and neutrons are found inside the nucleus because they only are forming the nucleus, this is why they are also called Nucleons.

The electrons are found in the orbitals.

Approximate mass of Proton and Neutron is 1 amu. But the electron is very very light as compared to electron. So, we can assume it to be zero.

Protons and Neutrons are made up of Quarks but electron is not made up of quark.

Electron and Quarks are the fundamental particle in an atom.

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The given sample of gas if found to have a molar mass of 89.686g/mol.

For bulk quantities, the molar mass makes it possible to convert between a substance's mass and its quantity. It is determined as the total of all of the substance's atoms' standard atomic weights.

PV = nRT, where P is pressure (in atm), V is volume (in L), n is the No. of moles of gas, universal gas constant is denoted by R (0.082 Latm/molK), and T is temperature (in K), is the formula used to calculate the molar mass of a gas.

Given:

Mass of gas = 1g

P = 1atm

V = 250mL

T = 273K

To find:

Molar mass of Gas = ?

Formula:

PV = nRT

Calculations:

n = 1 x 0.25 / 0.082 x 273

n = 0.01115 mol

Mass of gas = No. of moles x molar mass

Molar mass = 1 / 0.01115

Molar mass = 89.686g/mol

Result:

The gas is found to have 89.686g/mol molar mass.

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Answer:

0.30 moles of sodium thiosulfate formula units are needed to make 0.10 moles of AgBr soluble.

Explanation:

3Na2S2O3 + Ag Br→ NaBr + Nas [Ag(S2O3)3 According to reaction, 1 mole of silver bromide dissolves in 3 moles of Sodium thiosulfate. Then 0.10 moles of AgBr will dissolve with:3/1 x 0.10mol = 0.30mol - 0.30 moles of sodium thiosulfate formula units are needed to make 0.10 moles of AgBr soluble. Hope it will be

The ratio of the number of chlorine gas molecules in the first excited vibrational state to the number of molecules in the ground state at 298k is calculated to be 0.067.

The formula to calculate this ratio can be given as;

[tex]N_{1} / N_{0}[/tex] = [tex]exp (-\frac{hvc}{k_{B}T } )[/tex]

In this equation;

h represents the Planck's constant whose value equals 6.626 × 10^-34 Js

v represents the vibrational frequency

c represents the speed of light which is equal to 2.998 × 10^10 cm s^-1

[tex]k_{B}[/tex] means the Boltzmann constant which is equal to 1.381 × 10^-23 JK^-1

T is equal to 298 K

substituting these values in the above equations;

[tex]N_{1} / N_{0}[/tex] = exp {- (6.626 × 10^-34) (559.7) (2.998 × 10^10) ÷ (1.381 × 10^-23) (298K)}

[tex]N_{1} / N_{0}[/tex] = 0.067

Therefore, the ratio of the number of chlorine gas molecules in the first excited vibrational state to the number of molecules in the ground state at 298k is equal to 0.067.

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The rate of reaction will reduce by a factor of ½ when the concentration of A and B is doubled and halved respectively.

The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs, defined as proportional to the rise in product concentration per unit time and the reduction in reactant concentration per unit time. Chemists calculate reaction rates by initiating the reaction, evaluating the concentration of the product or reactant at various time points throughout the reaction, occasionally charting the concentration as a function of the time on a graph, and then computing the alteration in concentration per unit time. The rate of reaction may be calculated by calculating the amount of product created in a given amount of time. The time period used may be determined by the rate of the reaction.

Reaction:

[tex]A + 3B \rightarrow 2C + D[/tex]

Reaction rate is given as:

Rate =  [tex]K [A][B]^2[/tex]

First order:

Rate (1) = [tex]K [A][B]^2[/tex]

When the concentrations of A and B is doubled and halved respectively:

Rate (2) = [tex]K [2A][B/2]^2[/tex]

Rate (2) = 2 [tex]\frac{K [A][B]^2}{4}[/tex]

Rate (2) = ½ [tex]K [A][B]^2[/tex]

Therefore, the rate of reaction will reduce by a factor of ½.

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The statements that correctly explains the use of physical properties of a substance to separate mixtures are

Statement 1: When substances are mixed together, they retain their physical properties.

Statement 3: When substances are mixed together, the mixture assumes the physical properties of each individual substance.

Mixtures are compounds that are made up of two or more chemical compounds which are not linked to each other chemically. They can be easily separated as there are no chemical reaction between each other.

Mixtures are compounds that retain their respective physical properties even though they were mixed together as there are no reaction between the two. Thus, these physical properties can be used to separate mixtures. Example: Oil in water. They have different densities. Thus, oil will float on water. We can exploit this physical property and separate them using separating funnel.

Mixtures contain different substances with different properties and chemists cannot separate one item from the mixture by forcing it to undergo a chemical change as there is no chemical reaction.

When substances are mixed together, you can see each individual component. But without knowing their property, we cannot separate them

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The volume of gas that is CO2 generated when 58.0 L of oxygen reacts at STP is 38.67 L.

At STP, Temperature is 0°C and Pressure is 1 atm. So in this condition the one mole of gas will occupy  a volume of 22.4 L.

Since the given equation goes to completion as given in the question, the balanced chemical equation will be:

              CH₃CH₂OH  + 3O₂  ⇒ 2CO₂ + 3H₂O

From this we can calculate the mole ratio O2 to Co2 and that is 3:2.

From this we can find the volume of Co2,

Volume of CO₂ = 58  × ²/₃

Volume of CO₂ = 38.67 L

Hence the volume of gas that is CO2 generated when 58.0 L of oxygen reacts at STP is 38.67 L.

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The specific gravity of a modified ringer's irrigation is 1.06g/ml

We start by calculating total mass of ingredients:

Total mass of ingredients=4.6+0.2+0.43+25+500

                                          =530.23g

Volume of water=500ml

We now get the density of the solution:

Density=Mass of ingredients/volume of water

           =530.23/500

           =1.06g/ml

Calculate the specific gravity:

Specific gravity=Density of substance/Density of water

( Density of water=1g/ml)

Specific gravity=1.06/1

                         =1.06g/ml

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The statement ,Lewis dot diagram having 1 calcium atom and 1 oxygen atom to form an ionic bond is true.

Ionic bond or electrovalent bond is a type of bond which is formed between two elements when there is an exchange of electrons which takes place between  the atoms resulting in the formation of ions.

When the atom looses an electron it develops a positive charge and forms an ion called the cation while the other atom gains the electron and develops a negative charge  and forms an ion called the anion.

As the two atoms are oppositely charged they attract each other which results in the formation of a bond called the ionic bond.

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Answer:

A true

Explanation:

If an acid has a pH of 2, then [H⁺] of the given acid is 100.

What is an acid?

An acid is a molecule or ion that may either donate a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+) as a Brnsted-Lowry acid or establish a covalent bond with an electron pair as a Lewis acid. The proton donors, also known as Brnsted-Lowry acids, are the first type of acid. Proton donors in aqueous solutions generate the hydronium ion H3O+ and are known as Arrhenius acids. The Arrhenius hypothesis was expanded by Brnsted and Lowry to include non-aqueous solvents. A Brnsted or Arrhenius acid is often composed of a hydrogen atom coupled to a chemical structure that remains energetically advantageous following the loss of H+.

pH = log[H⁺]

[H⁺] = antilog(pH)

= 10² = 100

Hence, [H⁺] of the given acid is 100.

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HCl has a molarity of 0.010 M and is a 0.010 M solution. Since [H+] = 1 x 10-2 M, this is true. This H+ ion solution is aqueous, and its pH value is 2.

A  Lewis acid is a molecule or ion that can either contribute a proton (such as the hydrogen ion, H+) or form a covalent bond with an electron pair. The first kind of acid is the proton donor, also Brnsted-Lowry acid. Arrhenius acids are proton donors in aqueous solutions that produce the hydronium ion H3O+. Brnsted and Lowry expanded the Arrhenius hypothesis to incorporate non-aqueous solvents. A Brnsted or Arrhenius acid is frequently made up of a hydrogen atom attached to a chemical structure that continues to be energetically beneficial even after H+ is lost.

pH = log[H⁺]

[H⁺] = antilog(pH)

= 10² = 100

Hence, [H⁺] of the given acid is 100.

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First, we write down our reaction:

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

Don't forget to balance it.

We only use moles as units.

Procedure:

3 x 1 mole H2 ------------ 2 x 1 mole NH3

3.1 moles H2 ------------- x

x = 2.1 moles NH3 are produced

Answer: 2.1 moles NH3

A full valence shell's number of electrons less the amount of electrons involved in bonding equals the number of non-bonding electrons (which is 2 x the typical number of bonds). The amount of electrons not in bonds is equal to the number of lone pairs divided by two.

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The name of the product on reducing 1-

hydroxy-2-hexanone with sodium borohydride is 1,2 - Dihydroxyhexane

Reduction of carbonyl compounds:

Carbonyl compounds undergo reduction using suitable reducing agent forming alcohols. A number of reducing agents serve this purpose. Some common reducing agents used are:

What is Sodium borohydride?

We can see that, since the second Carbon on product side has only one hydrogen along with OH group,  thus it is a secondary alcohol.

Primary alcohols have 2 hydrogen with the carbon along with hydroxyl group, while tertiary alcohols have no hydrogen on the carbon with hydroxyl group.

Thus we can conclude that the name of the product on reducing 1-hydroxy-2-hexanone with sodium borohydride is 1,2 - Dihydroxyhexane

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Answer:

Density = mass÷volume (g/cm³)

= 100÷97.18

= 1.029

= 1.03 g/cm³ (3 significant figures)

The given molecule has only 1 rhed – region of high electron density because of presence of one triple bond.

An electron density zone might be either bonding or non-bonding. Electrons in a covalent bond between two atoms are counted as one region, whether the link is single, double, or triple (or anything in between). The amount of lone pairs on the core atom is used to count non-bonding areas.

Double and triple bonds qualify as one high electron density region. A single unpaired electron counts as one high electron density region. One can utilize any of the resonance structures for molecules or ions that have resonance structures.

A high electron density atom or group indicates that some component of the molecular structure (such as resonance or inductive effects) is transferring negative charge towards this location in the molecule.

In the given molecule, A – B ≡ C

Only one triple bond is there and no lone pairs of electrons. Hence, only 1 rhed (region of high electron density) is present within the molecule.

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The molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations of the reaction between potassium phosphate and copper (II) acetate are given below.

The physical states of the substances are depicted in the balanced chemical equation known as a molecular equation, which we may determine using the solubility principles.

When formulae for compounds are expressed as though they were all molecules, the equation is referred to as a molecular equation.

When dissolved ionic chemicals are represented as free ions, the equation is said to be an ionic equation.

A chemical equation known as an ionic equation expresses the electrolytes in aqueous solution as dissociated ions.

A chemical equation known as the net ionic equation shows how ions or molecules change throughout a process.

Net ionic equations lack the common ions that exist on both sides of the ionic equation and are known as spectator ions. In a reaction, ions that do not change at all are known as spectator ions.

Molecular equation:

[tex]2K_3PO_4 (aq) + 3Cu(CH_3COO)_2 (aq) \rightarrow 6K(CH_3COO) (aq) + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 (s)[/tex]

Ionic equation:

[tex]6K^+ (aq) + 2PO_4^{3-} (aq) + 3Cu^{2+} (aq) + 6CH_3COO^- (aq) \rightarrow 6K^+ (aq) + 6CH_3COO^- (aq) + Cu_3(PO_4)_2 (s)[/tex]

Net Ionic equation:

[tex]3Cu^{2+} (aq) + 2PO_4^{3-} (aq) \rightarrow Cu_3(PO_4)_2 (s)[/tex]

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Answer:

1.381 moles Fe

Explanation:

To find moles of Fe, you need to (1) convert grams Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂ to moles (using the molar mass) and then (2) convert moles Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂ to moles Fe (using the mole-to-mole ratio within the molecule). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 4 sig figs like the given value (392.2 = 4 sig figs).

Atomic Mass (Fe): 55.845 g/mol

Atomic Mass (N): 14.007 g/mol

Atomic Mass (H): 1.008 g/mol

Atomic Mass (S): 32.065 g/mol

Atomic Mass (O): 15.999 g/mol

Molar Mass (Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂):

55.845 g/mol + 2(14.007 g/mol) + 8(1.008 g/mol) + 2(32.065 g/mol) + 8(15.999 g/mol) = 284.045 g/mol

1 mole Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂ = 1 mole Fe, 2 moles N, 8 moles H, 2 moles S, 8 moles O

392.2 g Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂             1 mole                         1 mole Fe
-----------------------------------  x  -------------------  x  ----------------------------------  =
                                                284.045 g          1 mole Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂

=  1.381 moles Fe

36.2L of N2 can be produced.

1st) According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, 2 moles of NaN3 produce 3 moles of N2. Using the molar mass of NaN3 (65.0g/mol ) and N2 (28.0g/mol) we can convert the moles to mass, and we can see that with 130.0g of NaN3 we can produce 84.0g of N2.

Now, we can use a mathematical rule of three to calculate the grams of N2 that can be produced from 71.0g of NaN3:

So, 45.9g of N2 are produced from 71.0g of NaN3.

2nd) It is necessary to convert the grams of N2 produced to moles, so we can use it in the Ideal gas equation:

Now we know that 1.6mol of N2 are produced.

3rd) To calculate the volume of N2, it is necessary to use the Ideal gas equation and replace the values of Pressure (P), Temperature (T, in Kelvin) and Number of moles (n):

Finally, 36.2L of N2 can be produced from 71.0g of NaN3.

Which of the following atoms will bond with O in a 1:1 ratio of O and that element:

a) Lithium

b) Boron

c) Beryllium

d) Nitrogen

To solve the problem we have to look for the oxidation states of these elements.

Li: +1 B: +3 Be: +2 N: +5

These compounds will form an oxide with oxygen. The usual oxidation state of oxygen is -2. To form an oxide, we have to combine our element with oxygen and produce a compound with neutral charge.

For example, Li is +1, O is -2, so we have to combine 2 atoms of Li with one atom of O. The formula for the lithium oxide is Li₂O. Similarly we can form the other oxides. We will obtain:

Li₂O B₂O₃ BeO N₂O₅

If we look at the formulas of these oxides, the only one that will bond with O in a 1:1 ratio is Beryllium since its formula is BeO (it has one atom of O and one atom of Be).

Answer: c) Beryllium.

According to the question ,[tex]10^{80}[/tex]  protons create a galaxy.

1.67262 1027 kg, or 1,836 times the mass of an electron, is the rest mass of the proton, a stable subatomic particle with a positive charge that is equivalent to one electron's charge.

One down quark and two up quarks make up protons. Two down quarks and one up quark make up neutrons. One of the four fundamental forces, the "strong nuclear force," keeps the nucleus together (gravity and electromagnetism are two others).

The amount of protons in the cosmos is measured by the Eddington number , in astrophysics. Eddington estimated it to be approximately 1.571079; according to recent estimations  [tex]10^{80}[/tex].

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Answer:

Density = mass/volume (g/cm³)

First find the volume of the stone by subtracting the readings of the measuring cylinder.

Each unit is 4 ml. Take the reading where the lowest point of the curve of the liquid sits.

The first measuring cylinder reading is 24 ml.

The second measuring cylinder reading is 60 ml.

Volume of stone = 60 - 24 = 36 ml

Make sure the units are appropriate. Convert when necessary. ml and cm³ are the same so there is no need to convert. (36 ml = 36 cm³)

Density = 40/36 = 1.11 g/cm³

A lewis structure will usually require one or more multiple bonds if there is an atom present that Octet does not have a full after all available electrons have already been placed. the multiple bonds are formed by exchanging one lone electron pair for each new bond.

The entire number of valence electrons should be known. Step 2: Outline the molecule's skeletal structure. Step 3: Form each bond in the skeletal structure using two valence electrons. Step 4: Attempt to fill the remaining valence electrons' nonbonding positions to fulfill the atoms' octets.

The valence shell electrons in a molecule are depicted in an extremely simplified manner by a Lewis Structure. It is used to demonstrate how the electrons in a molecule are positioned around particular atoms. When two atoms are bonded together, electrons are depicted as "dots" or as a line.

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Hint: Tetrafluoromethane, otherwise called carbon tetrafluoride or R−14

, is the most straightforward perfluorocarbon (CF4

). As its IUPAC name shows, tetrafluoromethane is the per fluorinated partner to the hydrocarbon methane. It can likewise be named a haloalkane or halomethane.

Complete step by step answer:

On the off chance that you take a gander at the condition, you will see that for each one mole of C

that is responded, one mole of CF4

is delivered. Thus, 1.46

moles of CF4

are created (expecting that there is sufficient F2

). A mole of CF4

has a mass of around 88

grams, so 1.46

moles is equivalent to 128.48

grams. Adjusted to critical figures, your answer will be 128

grams.

Let’s do it bit by bit:

First Change moles of carbon to moles of CF4

n(CF4)=1.46 mol C × (1 mol CF41 mol C) = 1.46 mol CF4

At that point convert moles of CF4

to grams of CF4

utilizing the molar mass

M(CF4)=(1×12+4×19)gmol−1=88gmol−1

m(CF4)=nM=1.46mol×88gmol−1=128g

So, the required answer is [128g]

Group 2 of the periodic table places calcium, or Ca, which has two electrons on its outermost shell. Calcium must lose these two outermost electrons, also known as valence electrons, in order to have a full octet. Ionic compounds will be created when calcium reacts with nonmetals.

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If we are not using the pH electrode for measurement then it should be submerged in a solution.

Firstly, we know that the pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution. We know that the more the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution, the owner the pH of the solution.

Having said this, It should be recalled that the measurement of the pH is carried out by the use of the pH electrode. When  not being used between measurements, the  ph electrode be submerged in a solution.

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Most elements' names end in the suffix -ium this practice started around the year 1800, with many elements discovered before that having a more common name however, some elements are more recently discovered and don't end in -ium because element name start with the latin name and then it give suffix to the element

The ium in helium can be thought of carrying the meaning 'derived from' with the hel part representing greek helios means sun it having being inferred that helium was present in sun atmosphere and the ium suffix is a latin suffix which forms abstract nouns, thus it is used to form chemical elements name from its naming origin

There are 81 elements that end in the suffix ium or um which is derived from the latin and it is denoted a metallic substances

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Answer: 192 over 77 Ir

Explanation:

Iridiums atomic mass is 192.217 and to get 192 you would add both protons and neutrons to get the atomic mass. When writing in isotope notation, the mass goes on top.

An engineer might need to consider this when designing a heating/cooling system for a home in a cooler climate are Operating Environment, Size Matters, Available Power, and Filtration.

The design might differ for a house found in a warmer climate as the inside environment of buildings will be impacted by a warmer climate, which will also impair the longevity of building materials. A larger requirement for cooling will result from hotter summers. The word "HVAC" refers to the many systems that are employed in both residential and commercial structures for the purpose of heating, cooling, and transferring air between indoor and outdoor areas.

These are the systems that keep you cozy and toasty during the winter and cool and energized during the summer. The three essential elements of heating and cooling systems are a source of hot or cold air, a device for transferring the heated or cooled air into your living space, and a way to control the temperature in your home.

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Based on her observations, marry infer that Frogs rest during the afternoon and become more active in the evening. option D.

Observations can occur in a lab placing or the herbal world. for example, watching an apple fall from a tree can be a commentary. Noticing that fish only come to a particular part of the river in the early morning is likewise a remark. Smelling garbage decomposing is some other instance of a remark.

The remark is the movement or technique of cautiously looking at a person or something. Careful statement of the motion of the planets. Synonyms looking, have a look at, survey, evaluation more Synonyms of statement.

Observations of a particular setting or state of affairs--this is, take field notes. next, you interpret the notes consistent with the applicable criteria. in the end, you write a nicely prepared paper that presents your observations and interpretations, typically with the goal of answering a research question.

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Answer:At the end of chemical reactions, the total mass of the reatants compared to the total mass of the products - c) the mass is the same. Reason : all chemical reactions follow law of conservation of mass which states that mass of reactants and products remains the same

Explanation:hope this help <3