10. What do you think the effect is of jet airplanes on global warming?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Like other emissions resulting from fossil fuel combustion, aircraft engines produce gases, noise, and particulates, raising environmental concerns over their global effects and their effects on local air quality.[2]Jet airliners contribute to climate change by emitting carbon dioxide (CO2), the best understood greenhouse gas, and, with less scientific understanding, nitrogen oxides, contrails and particulates. Their radiative forcing is estimated at 1.3–1.4 that of CO2 alone, excluding induced cirrus cloud with a very low level of scientific understanding. In 2018, global commercial operations generated 2.4% of all CO2 emissions.

Between 1940 and 2018, aviation CO2 emissions grew from 0.7% to 2.65% of all CO2 emissions.[1]

Jet airliners have become 70% more fuel efficient between 1967 and 2007, and CO2 emissions per Revenue Ton-kilometer (RTK) in 2018 were 47% of those in 1990. In 2018, CO2 emissions averaged 88 grams of CO2 per revenue passenger per km. While the aviation industry is more fuel efficient, overall emissions have risen as the volume of air travel has increased. By 2020, aviation emissions were 70% higher than in 2005 and they could grow by 300% by 2050.

Aircraft noise pollution disrupts sleep, children's education and could increase cardiovascular risk. Airports can generate water pollution due to their extensive handling of jet fuel and deicing chemicals if not contained, contaminating nearby water bodies. Aviation activities emit ozone and ultrafine particles, both of which are health hazards. Piston engines used in general aviation burn Avgas, releasing toxic lead.

Aviation's environmental footprint can be reduced by better fuel economy in aircraft or Air Traffic Control and flight routes can be optimised to lower non-CO2 effects on climate from NO

x, particulates or contrails. Aviation biofuel, emissions trading and carbon offsetting, part of the ICAO's CORSIA, can lower CO2 emissions. Aviation usage can be lowered by short-haul flight bans, train connections, personal choices and aviation taxation and subsidies. Fuel-powered aircraft may be replaced by hybrid electric aircraft and electric aircraft or by hydrogen-powered aircraft.


Related Questions

In a car engine, fuel is ignited within a cylinder to cause an explosion that moves a piston. If the explosion exerts 300 Pa of pressure on a piston with a surface area of 80 cm^2?

Answers

The force exerted by the explosion on the piston is 2.4 N.

The given parameters:

Pressure of the explosion on piston, P = 300 Pa (N/m²)Surface area of the piston, A = 80 cm²

The force exerted on the piston by the explosion is calculated as follows;

F = PA

where;

A is the area of the piston in m²

The surface area of the piston in square meter is calculated as follows;

[tex]A = 80 \ cm^2 \times \frac{(1m)^2}{(100 \ cm)^2} \\\\A = 0.008 \ m^2[/tex]

The force exerted by the explosion on the piston is calculated as follows;

[tex]F = 300 \ (N/m^2)\ \times \ 0.008 \ (m^2)\\\\F = 2.4 \ N[/tex]

The complete question is here:

In a car engine, fuel is ignited within a cylinder to cause an explosion that moves a piston. If the explosion exerts 300 Pa of pressure on a piston with a surface area of 80 cm^2, what is the force exerted on the piston?

Learn more about force and pressure here: https://brainly.com/question/22930937

An object with a mass of 5 kg is accelerated from rest by a 60 N*s impulse. What is the change in the object's velocity?

Answers

Hi there!

Using the Impulse-Momentum theorem:

I = Δp = mΔv

Where:

I = Impulse (Ns)

m = mass of object (kg)

Δv = change in velocity (vf - vi, m/s)

Plug in the given values and solve:

60 = 5Δv

Δv = 12 m/s

A car traveling in a northeasterly direction at a rate of 50 km/h represents which of the following?
A.
deceleration
B.
velocity
C.
speed
D.
acceleration

Answers

Answer:

c.

Explanation:

Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path, while velocity is the rate and direction of an object's movement. Put another way, speed is a scalar value, while velocity is a vector.

Formula

s = \frac{d}{t}

s = speed

d = distance traveled

t = time elapsed

Which statement regarding characteristics of electromagnetic radiation is correct?


Longer wavelengths of light have higher energies.

Lower frequencies of light have higher energies.

Higher frequencies of light have shorter wavelengths.

Shorter wavelengths of light have lower energies.

Answers

Answer:

Higher frequencies of light have shorter wavelengths.

If an atom has two protons and three electrons, then the atom is-?
A. positively charged.
B. negatively charged.
C. radioactive.
D. neutral.

Answers

Before solving this question, one has to remember the following facts.Protons are positively charged particles in an atom.Electrons are negatively charged particles in an atom.If protons are greater than electrons, then the atom is positively charged.If electrons are greater than protons, then the atom is negatively charged.If both are equal, then the atom is in neutral state.Here, the number of protons = 2Number of electrons = 3.Since, number of protons < number of electronsTherefore, the atom is negatively charged.

Hope you could get an idea from here.

Doubt clarification - use comment section.

The International Space Station (ISS) orbits Earth at an altitude of 4.08 × 105 m above the surface of the planet. At what velocity must the ISS be moving in order to stay in its orbit?
A) 7.91 × 10^3 m/s
B) 3.12 × 10^4 m/s
C) 7.66 × 10^3 m/s
D) 8.17 × 10^3 m/s

Answers

This question involves the concepts of orbital velocity and orbital radius.

The orbital velocity of ISS must be "7660.25 m/s".

The orbital velocity of the ISS can be given by the following formula:

[tex]v=\sqrt{\frac{GM}{R}}[/tex]

where,

v = orbital velocity = ?

G = Universal Gravitational Constant = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ N.m²/kg²

M = Mass of Earth = 5.97 x 10²⁴ kg

R = orbital radius = radius of earth + altitude = 63.78 x 10⁵ m + 4.08 x 10⁵ m

R = 67.86 x 10⁵ m

Therefore,

[tex]v=\sqrt{\frac{(6.67\ x\ 10^{-11}\ N.m^2/kg^2)(5.97\ x\ 10^{24}\ kg)}{67.86\ x\ 10^5\ m}}[/tex]

v = 7660.25 m/s

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How many neutrons are in an atom of Carbon-13 or (613C)?

Answers

Answer: 6 OR 7

Explanation:

Need
Help answering the questions

Answers

Ummm, can’t really answer the questions if we can’t see them. You need to post more than the photos of the files my man

Find the area of the given figure

Answers

Answer:

77 sq.cm

Explanation:

Solution,

Trapezium

Perpendicular (P1)=8cm

Perpendicular(P2)=14cm

height(h)=7cm

Now,

We know that,

Area(A)= 1/2 ×h (P1+P2)

= 1/2 × 7cm (8cm+14cm)

= 1/2 × 7cm(22cm)

= 1/2 × 154 squarecm

=77 sq.cm

The force involved in falling of an apple from a tree is known as? (a) Magnetic force (b) electrostatic force (c) Contact force (d) gravitational force​

Answers

Answer:

gravitational force

...........

help will give brainlist
Which unit is used for current?
power
resistance
voltage
amperes

Answers

The answer is D amperes

Solve the science problem

Answers

How does this have anything to do with science? (If you explain I’ll try my best to answer)

find the quotient 3^15 × 3^3

Answers

Answer:

3^15 / 3^3 = 3^12 * 3^3 / 3^3 = 3^12

The Law of Exponents applies here

3^15 x 3^3 is a product, not a quotient

3^15 x 3^3 = 3^18

The force of gravity can also be referred to as the force of _____________.

Answers

Answer:

Gravitational.

Explanation:

In Earth, everything have a volume and mass, or downward force of gravity, which Earth's mass exerts on them.

Which of the following is true for gravitational force?

Group of answer choices
Decreases with decrease in distance

Increases with increase in distance

Decreases with increase in mass

Increases with increase in mass

Answers

Answer:

The gravitational force b) Increases with increase in mass.

Explanation:

The gravitational force between two objects is given by

F=G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}F=Gr2m1m2

where

G is the gravitational constant

m1, m2 are the masses of the two objects

r is the separation between the objects

From the equation, we notice that:

- The force is proportional to the masses, m1 and m2: so, if the masses increase, the force will increase, and if the masses decrease, the force will decrease

- The force is inversely proportional to the distance between the masses, r: so, if the distance increases,  the force will decreases, and if the distance decreases , the force will increases

Therefore, the correct options is only:

Increases with increase in mass

Answer: The answer is b increases in increase of mass because the heavier the object is the more gravitional pull it will have.

Explanation: Which of the following is true for gravitational force?

Group of answer choices

Decreases with decrease in distance

Increases with increase in distance

Decreases with increase in mass

Increases with increase in mass

12. Since the Clean Air Act was passed in 1970, why is the air still not clean?

Answers

Answer:

Congress designed the Clean Air Act to protect public health and welfare from different types of air pollution caused by a diverse array of pollution sources.

Explanation:

define Newton's law of motion​

Answers

By definition, Newton's First Law, also called the Law of inertia, indicates that "Every body perseveres in its state of rest or of uniform rectilinear motion unless it is forced to change its state by forces impressed on it."

This means that for a body to come out of its state of rest or of uniform rectilinear motion, it is necessary for a force to act on it.

Definition of inertia

So, in other words, all bodies are opposed to changing their state of rest or motion and this opposition is called inertia.

Body in equilibrium

In this way, a body is in equilibrium when the resultant of the forces acting on it is zero. That is, it is not possible for a body to change its initial state (be it rest or motion) unless one or more forces intervene.

Learn more about Newton's Laws:

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Simplicity of conducting the study is to ________ as ability to test large numbers of participants is to ________.

Answers

Simplicity of conducting the study is to archival research; as ability to test large numbers participants is to survey.

Simplicity of conducting the study is to archival research as ability to test large numbers of participants is to surveys.

What is Archival research?

Archival research is a type of research which involves seeking out and extracting the evidence from archival records. These archival records may be held together either in the collection of institutions, such as libraries and museums, or in the custody of the organization that originally generated or accumulated them, or in that of a successor object.

Archival research can be contrasted with the secondary research, which involves identification and consulting the secondary sources related to the topic of enquiry; and with the other types of primary research and empirical investigation such as fieldwork and experiment.

Learn more about Archival research here:

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#SPJ6

A small charge q is placed near a large spherical charge Q. The force experienced by both charges is F. The electric eld created by Q at the position of q is:

Answers

The electric field created by Q at the position of q is [tex]\frac{F}{Q}[/tex].

The given parameters:

Magnitude of charge, = qSpherical charge, = QForce experienced by both charges, =  F

The electric field created by Q at the position of q is calculated as follows;

[tex]E = \frac{F}{Q} \\\\[/tex]

where;

E is the magnitude of electric field strength F is the force experienced by both chargesQ is the charge

Thus, the electric field created by Q at the position of q is [tex]\frac{F}{Q}[/tex].

Learn more about electric field here: https://brainly.com/question/14372078

PLEASEE IS FOR A TEST!!!Which ionic compound is BOTH correctly written and named??
A mg0 magnesium oxide
B Mn02 manganese oxide
C N02 nitrogen oxide
D SrBr strontium bromide

Answers

Answer:

Letter A

Explanation:

Manganese dioxide- Mn02

Nitrogen Dioxide- n02

Strontium bromide- SrBr

pls help quickly

Which of these materials best scatters the light that strikes it?
a pure water
b shiny mirror
c frosted glass
d eyeglass lens

Answers

Answer: frosted glass

Explanation:

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Frosted Glass

On a frictionless surface how much force is necessary to accelerate a 0.49 kg object to the left at 4.8 m/s2?

Answers

Answer:

2.35 N

Explanation:

The force acting on an object given it's mass and acceleration can be found by using the formula

force = mass × acceleration

From the question

force = 0.49 × 4.8 = 2.352

We have the final answer as

2.35 N

Hope this helps you

1 If you measured the distance travelled by a snail in
inches and the time it took in minutes, what would
be the units of its speed?

Answers

The answer is m/s hope it helps

Can the velocity of a body reverse the direction when acceleration is constant? If you think so, give an example.

Answers

Consider a particle moving to the left with some speed v. If we take leftward to be the negative direction, then the particle's velocity is -v, and it's moving in the negative direction.

Now give the particle a positive acceleration pointing rightward. The particle will eventually slow to a stop before increasing its speed in the positive direction.

So the answer is yes, the direction in which a body is moving can be reversed with constant acceleration.

Explain why stationary waves are seen only certain frequencies (3 marks)​

Answers

Explanation:

The underlying physics give rise to periodic behavior. Usually, some resonance is involved, in which the media damps waves except those at a specific frequency.

__

Only waves at a specific frequency are recognized as being "stationary." If the frequency varies, the behavior is described as "chaotic." So, it's partly a matter of definition.

A green ball is dropped from rest from an elevated position at the same instant that a red ball is launched horizontally (from the same height), which ball will hit the ground first? Assume the balls behave as projectiles.
a. green ball
b. red ball
c. the red and green ball will hit the ground at the same time
d. not enough information given

Answers

Answer:

c. the red and green ball will hit the ground at the same time

Explanation:

if two objects are the same size but one is heavier, the heavier one has greater density than the lighter object. Therefore, when both objects are dropped from the same height and at the same time, the heavier object should hit the ground before the lighter one.

The solar mass of the Sun is 1. The orbital period of Jupiter is 11. 9 Earth years. What is the distance between Jupiter and the Sun? 5. 2 AU 41 AU 52 AU 410 AU.

Answers

The distance between Jupiter and the sun is 5.2 AU.

According to Kepler's third law, the square of the period of revolution of planets is proportional to the cube of their mean distances from the sun. From this; T^2 = r^3.

Now, we are told that the orbital period (T) is 11. 9 Earth years. We have to make the distance the subject of the formula.

r =T^2/3

r = (11.9)^2/3

r = 5.2 AU

Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/15207516

Answer:

The answer is A. 5.2 AU

Explanation:

in jus dat ni ni fr

write down 4 situations where magnets are used in our daily life​

Answers

Answer:

Magnets are used to make a tight seal on the doors to refrigerators and freezers

They power speakers in stereos, earphones, and televisions

Magnets are used to store data in computer's

magnets are used in the compass

An engine has an energy input of 125 J, and 35 J of that energy is transformed into useful energy. What is the efficiency of the engine? 28% 35% 72% 90%.

Answers

The efficiency of the engine at the given useful energy and input energy is 28%.

The given parameters:

Input energy of the engine, = 125 JUseful energy of the engine, 35 J

The efficiency of the engine is defined as the ratio of the output energy (useful energy) to the input energy and it is calculated as follows;

[tex]efficiency\ = \frac{0ut put \ energy}{1nput \ energy} \times \ 100\%\\\\efficiency\ = \frac{35}{125} \times 100\%\\\\efficiency\ = 28 \ \%[/tex]

Thus, the efficiency of the engine at the given useful energy and input energy is 28%.

Learn more about efficiency of engine here: https://brainly.com/question/6751595

Answer:

ITS A

Explanation:

Someone answer? Please

Answers

I don’t know ask your parents
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