1. Name two things found in a plant cell that are not found in an animal cell:
2. How does the shape of a plant cell differ from that of an animal cell?
3. What is the function of the chloroplasts?
4. What is the function of the vacuole?

The phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen is energetically advantageous because the released sugar is already phosphorylated so we do not need and ATP molecule to allow for phosphorylation.

In its cleavage reaction, glycogen phosphorylase uses a phosphate molecule, connecting it to the sugar as it is released. A second enzyme, phosphoglucomutase, then shifts the position of the phosphate to a neighboring carbon atom in the sugar, making the sugar ready for breakdown by glycolysis.

Thereby, glucose can be obtained from glycogen. Glycogen phosphorylase causes phosphoroclastic cleavage into glycogen, and produces glycogen-1-phosphate.

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Gel electrophoresis for proteins in Western blotting (Immunoblot). A method for analyzing individual proteins in a protein mixture is called Western blotting, commonly known as immunoblotting (e.g. a cell lysate).

kinds of gel. Agarose and polyacrylamide gels are the two forms of gel that are most frequently employed. Different sizes and types of analytes work well with each type of gel. Polyacrylamide gels offer a very high resolving capacity for tiny DNA fragments and are typically employed for proteins.

In proteomic research, where resolution of hundreds of proteins on a single gel is occasionally required, 2D PAGE offers the best resolution for protein analysis.

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Answer:

Explanation:aaaaaa

Net primary productivity is most limited by available sunlight and nutrients.

Nutrients limit primary production in aquatic ecosystems. When a nutrient is limiting an element that must be added for production to increase in a particular area. The nutrient that are most limiting in marine production is either nitrogen or phosphorus.

In general, Phosphorus is the most limiting factor in net primary production in aquatic ecosystems. This is true for both lakes and marine ecosystems, these approaches include bioassays. This occurs when the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients are limiting from nutritional  inputs.

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Answer:

CENTRIOLE

Explanation:

The organelle not found in plant cells is the centriole. Plant cells have a large central vacuole that holds water and minerals for the cell.

Centrosomes and lysosomes are organelles found only in animal cells and not in plant cells.

Organelles are biological structures that perform specific functions within the cell. Organelle means "small organ". The body is made up of various organs, and even within cells, there are "small organs" that perform specific functions. They have membrane compartments or structures of cells. Organelles are membrane compartments or structures within cells that perform specific functions. An organelle refers to any cellular structure, whether membrane-bound or not, that performs a specific function. Some examples are mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell nuclei. They all have specific functions within the cell that help the cell sustain itself.

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The light-producing genes are under transcriptional control

Why do Hawaiian bobtail squids glow?

A bobtail squid's light organ contains a single species of bacterium that emits a bright glow that gives the animal nighttime protection from predators by enabling it to blend with the moonlight below the waves. The species whose genome was recently examined is closely linked to the depicted Euprymna bobtail squid.

These patterns are illuminated by gigas and related squids to produce visual messages that may be clearly seen in the deep, dark ocean. The body glows from thousands of tiny subcutaneous (s.c.) photophores (bioluminescent organs) buried in the muscle tissue, backlighting the pigmentation patterns.

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The correct option is D :  Fragmentation of the DNA ; The splitting or breaking of DNA strands into bits is known as DNA fragmentation. It can be done purposely by laboratory people or cells, or it might happen accidentally.

Spontaneous or inadvertent DNA fragmentation is the accumulation of fragments in a cell over time.

Blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and DNA fragmentation are all signs of apoptosis.

Apoptotic cells, in contrast to necrosis, create apoptotic bodies that are phagocytized by surrounding cells without the loss of cellular contents.

Caspases, proteolytic enzymes that cause cell death by cleaving particular proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus, induce apoptosis.

Caspases exist as inactive precursors, or procaspases, in all cells, and are normally triggered by cleavage by other caspases, resulting in a proteolytic caspase cascade.

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Without the channels that proteins provide, ions could not traverse the plasma membrane and an action potential could not occur.

An action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell location rapidly rises and falls. This depolarization is followed by depolarization in the surrounding areas. Animal cells that display action potentials fall into the category of excitable cells, which also includes neurons, muscle cells, and some plant cells.

The cell membrane is made up of a lipid bilayer that incorporates larger protein molecules. Because it efficiently blocks the flow of electrically charged ions, the lipid bilayer acts as an insulator.

Action potentials are generated by channel proteins, which switch from a closed to an open state in response to the voltage difference between the interior and exterior of the cell.

Therefore, without proteins, action potential is not conceivable.

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RNA polymerase connects to a promoter sequence close to the start of a gene to start transcription (directly or through helper proteins).

Transcribing RNA molecules using DNA as a template is the primary task of RNA polymerase. The transcription process, in which the data held in a DNA molecule is copied into a new molecule of mRNA, is greatly aided by the multi-unit intermediate enzyme known as RNA polymerase (messenger RNA).

Prior to the RNA molecule being translated into a protein, introns are non-coding regions of an RNA transcript or the DNA encoding it. Exons are the regions of DNA (or RNA) that contain the protein-coding information.

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The anterior chamber is the fluid filled space between the cornea and iris.

The area between the cornea and iris known as the anterior chamber is filled with fluid. The clear, watery fluid called aqueous humour lies between the cornea and the anterior vitreous.

A clear liquid called aqueous humour fills the space between the lens and cornea. The liquid bathes and nourishes the lens while preserving eye pressure.

The vitreous humor, also referred to as vitreous fluid, is a clear, colourless gel-like substance that fills the space in the eye between the lens and the retina.

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Answer:Natural selection.

It is the process by which certain traits become more common in a population over time. It occurs when individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those without those traits. This leads to the traits becoming more common in the population over time. Natural selection is one of the main mechanisms of evolution.

Installing land bridges or wildlife overpasses across roads helps in supporting the survival of animals as they make their migration. Thus, the correct option is C.

Animal migration is the large-scale movement of an animal species from one place to another place. Most species migrate during a particular season in search of food, water, or for mating reasons when conditions are not favorable in their native environment.

Animals can cross large areas through the land bridges or wildlife overpasses which are built across roads. This can be worse as it subdivides animal population and fragment their habitats. This results into losing access to large areas of their living space which makes it much harder for many woodland creatures to forage for food, find mates and carry on their genetic legacies.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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If we denote the recessive allele of the gene as p and the dominant allele as P, the offspring will be of phenotypic ratio 3:1 those with chlorophyll to those without chlorophyll respectively.

Genotypically, 25% would be homozygous for dominant allele, 50% heterozygous and 25% homozygous recessive.  See attached punnet square.

A number of plant species have a recessive allele for albinism homozygous albino individuals are unable to synthesize chlorophyll. If a heterozygous tobacco plant is allowed to self-pollinate and 500 of its seeds germinate.

Therefore, If we denote the recessive allele of the gene as p and the dominant allele as P, the offspring will be of phenotypic ratio 3:1 those with chlorophyll to those without chlorophyll respectively.

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Genotype Homozygous- Both alleles are similar

Genotype Heterozygous- The alleles are different

Phenotype Heterozygous- They are created by the dominant allele

Phenotype Homozygous-  If the allele is dominant or recessive the opposite phenotype will be expressed.

The genotype is a collection of genes in DNA that are mainly accountable for distinctive traits or characteristics, whereas the phenotype is an organism's physical appearance or characteristic.

An person's genotype is the integration of alleles that they obtain for a specific gene. A person's phenotype is the sum of their noticeable traits and characteristics. The genotype of an organism is directly inherited from its parents, whereas the phenotype is solely effected by genotype.

There are three possible genotypes, PP (homozygous dominant), Pp (heterozygous), and pp (homozygous recessive). All three have distinct genotypes but the first two have the same phenotype (purple) as distinguishable from the third (white).

The observable characteristics of an individual, like height, eye color, and blood type, are referred to as phenotypes.

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The skin's free nerve endings, known as nociceptors, have a high threshold for mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli and respond only when the strength of these stimuli is high enough to cause tissue injury. The input from these receptors is perceived as pain.

Nociceptors are sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the danger of injury, as well as substances generated by the damaged tissue. Nociceptors are free (bare) nerve terminals present in the skin, muscle, joints, bone, and viscera .

Meissner corpuscles respond to skin indentations of less than 10 micrometres and are especially sensitive to low-frequency vibrations ranging from 10 to 50 Hertz.

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The statement describing the operon is D. It is deactivated whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium.

Operons are groups of structural genes that are expressed in a coordinated manner and are simultaneously under the control of a single regulatory signal. This makes the process of genetic expression in cells more efficient because nerve disorders are involved in the same series of metabolic reactions.

Some prokaryotes use the tryptophan operon system to control gene expression. In the tryptophan operon, the operons are transcribed together to code for components required in the production of the amino acid tryptophan. The mechanism of this operation is controlled by suppression of the end products of expression and attenuation. In some bacteria, controlling gene expression uses negative control involving the activity of a regulatory gene. This operon will be deactivated whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium so that the process of genetic expression in cells is more efficient.

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The urinary bladder of a fetal pig is sac like, muscular and expandable walls with a thickness of 10mm and a firm texture.

Fetal pigs are unborn pigs used in elementary and advanced biology classes for learning through dissection. They are extracted from diseased sows killed in meat industries. They are used in the study of mammalian anatomy.

These pigs are usually 10-15mm and 20-30 days of age and their highest is 50-70mm in length and 60-70 days old. The urinary bladder has a firm texture and a thickness of about 10mm and also they walls are muscular lining and a sac like shape.

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The orchid population will grow to only about 81 individuals in 10 years.

51.6, Nt = 50e(0.048)(10) = 81.

Cold weather is usually a density-independent factor as it affects pythons in the same way regardless of whether they are low or high in numbers. As pythons become denser density-dependent factors such as competition for food increase.

The Burmese python is one of the Greater Everglades' most destructive and harmful invasive species preying on native birds mammals and even alligators. Pythons compete for food with native wildlife including mammals birds and other reptiles. A severe mammal decline in the Everglades National Park is linked to the Burmese python.

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Quick breads include items such as pancakes, waffles, biscuits, scones, _cream puffs____, coffee cakes, cornbreads, flatbreads, and banana nut bread.

Quick breads are bread-like goods that use baking powder and baking soda in place of yeast to leaven them.

Three varieties of fast breads exist:

Pour batters: These can be "poured" directly from the mixing bowl due to their thin nature. Batter drops: need to be scraped into the baking pan from the bowl because they are very thick.

A soft dough is one that can be rolled and shaped by hand.

Quick breads are rather self-explanatory; they are so named because they can be prepared quickly. Coffeecakes and quick bread loaves employ baking soda or powder as leavening agents and need little to no kneading. Flavorings include fruits, nuts, cereals, vegetables, and spices.

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The function of the iodine in the starch hydrolysis test is c)make glucose visible. So, correct option is c.

Starch hydrolysis test  is utilized to recognize microscopic organisms that can hydrolyze starch (amylose and amylopectin) utilizing the chemicals a-amylase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase. Frequently used to separate species from the genera Clostridium and Bacillus. In view of the enormous size of amylose and amylopectin particles, these living beings might not go through the bacterial cell at any point wall.

To involve these starches as a carbon source, microorganisms should discharge a-amylase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase into the extracellular space. These chemicals break the starch atoms into more modest glucose subunits which can then enter straightforwardly into the glycolytic pathway. To decipher the consequences of the starch hydrolysis test, iodine should be added to the agar.

Hence, correct option is c.

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(Complete question) is:

The function of the iodine in the starch hydrolysis test is to -

a) make starch visible

b)act as a mordant

c)make glucose visible

d)make the cells visible

Anthropologists investigate the idea of culture and how it relates to people's lives in various historical and geographic contexts. In order to understand our own society better, they research other cultures. For aid in interpreting the present, they research the history.

In order to fulfil colonial demands, anthropological study also looks at the culture of the colonial endeavour itself, emphasising the establishment of hierarchies and the process of resource exploitation.

The study of every facet of human existence is possible thanks to anthropology. It serves as a portal to the abyss. We may learn about ourselves, our past, present, and future via the study of anthropology. The study of anthropology fosters global interconnectedness.

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Together with the cornea, the lens helps to properly focus light on the retina.

The cornea lets light through, which bends it. 2 The iris's pupil allows light to freely flow through. Vitreous humor allows for the passage of light. 4) The retina absorbs light rays and transforms them into impulses.

It initially penetrates the cornea, where a small amount of light is refracted. The aqueous humor, a clear liquid, is the next medium through which the light travels. It passes through the pupil, which is encircled by the iris, the colored portion of the eye that regulates how much light enters the eye.

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Answer:

d. $48

Explanation:

1 year = 12% = 0.12

2 years = 12% × 2

2 years = 24% = 0.24

24% of $200 = 0.24 × 200

24% of $200 = $48

Therefore the interest on $200 for 2 years is $48

:)

Euglena uses flagella to move, while amoeba uses pseudopods to move.

Euglena is a type of protist, a diverse group of heterotrophic or autotrophic unicellular organisms. Many species of Euglena have long, whip-like structures called flagella that they use for swimming and locomotion in water.

Amoebas are also a type of protist and move using a different mechanism called pseudopodia. Pseudopodia are temporary extensions of cell membranes that allow amoebas to move and change shape while crawling and flowing through the environment. Amoebas do not use flagella or cilia for locomotion.

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(C) Given the brain size and pelvic dimensions of Homo erectus, their infants were likely altricial (helpless at birth)

This is a type of extinct human that existed between 1.6 million and 250,000 years ago, during the Pleistocene Epoch. Homo erectus was the first human species to have a flat face, a prominent nose, and probably scant body hair coverage. It also possessed a more contemporary gait and body proportions.

This can simply mean a being hatched, born, or having young that are hatched, born, or having young that are hatched, born, in a very immature and defenseless condition, requiring care for a while.

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Based on evidence supporting the existence of various motor programs, the response chain approach to movement sequencing is most strongly defended.

The greatest strategy to reduce your risk of having a stroke is to eat a nutritious diet, exercise frequently, quit smoking, and drink in moderation. By making these lifestyle adjustments, you can lower your chance of issues like fatty substance buildup in your arteries (atherosclerosis).

When there are significant distances involved, air transport is preferred to ground ambulance transport. Air transport expedites the process and enables patients to receive better care than may be offered locally.

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It is true to say that influenza viruses that have undergone antigenic drift are more problematic than those that have undergone antigenic shift because antigenic drift leads to annual influenza epidemics.

Influenza viruses (IAV) causes flu in birds and a few vertebrates, and is the main types of the class Alphainfluenzavirus of the infection family Orthomyxoviridae. Kinds of all subtypes of flu An infection have been detached from wild birds, in spite of the fact that sickness is unprecedented.

Influenza are an infections are negative-sense, single-abandoned, divided RNA infections. The few subtypes are marked by a H number (for the sort of hemagglutinin) and a N number (for the kind of neuraminidase).Some disengages of flu An infection cause extreme illness both in homegrown poultry and, once in a while, in humans. Periodically, infections are communicated from wild sea-going birds to homegrown poultry, and this might cause an episode or lead to human flu pandemics.

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