We consider business cycles to be a continuous process, with recessions, troughs, recoveries, expansions, peaks, and downturns repeating themselves. Any business cycle may be divided into four phases:
Peak: the economy is at or near full employment; production, employment, and income have reached a transitory peak.
Recession (R): a drop in output, employment, and income. Many areas of the economy are seeing a downturn in commercial activity. Unemployment is on the rise. Recessions can last anywhere from six to twelve months. Monthly variations in output are higher during recessions than during expansions. In other words, during a recession, output decreases are far more pronounced.
Trough: At its lowest point, output, revenue, and employment "bottom out." The trough period might endure for a short time or for a long time.
Expansion (E): A phase of recuperation. Once again, output, income, and employment are on the rise. As the economy approaches full employment, we may expect price increases (inflation). Expansions, on average, last three to four times longer than contractions.
There have been ten recessions since 1950. In terms of time, the least severe was in 1980. (6 months). 2007-09 was the most severe (18 months).
During a business cycle, what happens? To begin with, many economic variables are linked.
The economy and unemployment are moving in different directions (the labor market is a lagging indicator, responding slowly to a change in GDP, as we saw in chapter 7 of the assigned textbook). Consumption growth tracks GDP, although it isn't very variable. The amount of money spent on investments is highly erratic. During business cycles, wages do not fluctuate considerably. Inflation follows the rise of output.
Sectors of the economy and the businesses that make up those sectors tend to move in lockstep. When one area does well, it is probable that others will as well. The same may be said for businesses in these fields. Construction and manufacturing, on the other hand, are more volatile during a business cycle. We can see that if one area of the economy is performing well, others will as well. As a result, if manufacturing is doing well, demand for construction and services will rise.
States, too, are subjected to the same business cycle. Nations, too, tend to go through business cycles at the same time. Every business cycle is unique. The lengths and extents of expansions and contractions alter throughout time. Towards the end of a project:
Interest rates are risingWages are rising faster than pricesThis results in falling profitsDebts of households and firms have risenLots of borrowing has occurred to finance spending during the expansion time periodRecessions typically come from declines in investment spending by firms.
Firms cut back on capital stock expansionHouseholds cut back on spending for consumer durablesSales fallProduction declinesUnemployment rises, workers are let go, and this reduces income, which reduce s spending still further.Firms that produce capital goods and consumer durable products suffer the most during a recession. Firms can postpone capital goods acquisitions when the economy deteriorates. Increases in capital goods stock are not warranted by the company forecast. Businesses repair obsolete equipment that has outlived its usefulness. Consumer durable goods purchases are being postponed by consumers (autos, major appliances, personal computers, etc.). Budgets are being slashed, and consumer durable goods purchases are being postponed. Service businesses and non-durable products producers are frequently spared the brunt of the damage. It is tough for people to cut back on necessary medical and legal services. Purchases of food and clothing are more difficult to postpone.
Spending by families and businesses begins to grow as the recession persists and appears to be ending. Debt is decreasing. New borrowing takes place, resulting in a rise in spending. And thus a new chapter of growth starts.
A change in price of a good or service typically causes ___________________________ for that specific good or service.
A change in the price of a good or service typically causes a change in quantity supplied or a movement along the supply curve for that specific good or service.
What is the price?Price refers to the value that is put on a product or service after doing a complex set of calculations, research, and understanding.
Only a change in the price of the product itself is not among the factors that cause a shift in the supply curve. A change in the price of a good or service causes a change in the quality supplied or a movement along the supply curve for particular goods or services.
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Completely controlling a business and keeping all the profits are advantages of a _____; raising capital by selling shares and limited liability are advantages of a _____.
Completely controlling a business and keeping all the profits are advantages of a Sole Proprietorship; raising capital by selling shares and limited liability are advantages of a corporation.
What differentiates a Sole Proprietorship from a Corporation?A sole proprietorship can be differentiated from a corporation based on a separate existence.
While a corporation has a separate legal existence, a sole proprietorship is not a legal entity different from the owner.
Thus, completely controlling a business and keeping all the profits are advantages of a Sole Proprietorship; raising capital by selling shares and limited liability are advantages of a corporation.
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Select the correct answer. which employee do you think is sincerely trying to maintain a positive work environment? a. akash avoids interacting with his peers as far as possible. b. tim loves the work he is doing and doesn’t pay much attention to the cramped office space he has. c. liza meets up with her friends from work every weekend. d. mae often brings little presents for her manager.
The employee who is sincerely trying to maintain a positive work environment is Tim, who loves his job despite the limitations of the environment.
How to maintain a positive work environment?Through organizational culture, the habits and values of a company are created, for this it is essential that the company structure is aligned with the objectives, in addition to the policies and conduct of employees, which must be based on integration and cooperation.
Therefore, in order to strengthen the organizational culture, a joint effort by all employees is essential, in favor of a positive work environment for development and innovation.
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Countries trade with each other when they need goods they cannot produce
themselves. They also trade to take advantage of their own resources and surplus of
goods.
Check Your Understanding
Attempt 1 of 2
What are three reasons that might encourage a country to engage in trade?
A. The country lacks the ability to produce any goods.
B. The country has the natural resources to produce a specific good.
C. The country lacks an essential material.
D. The country can specialize in the production of a specific good.
E. The country can produce everything it needs.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
What should you do before and after each study session? play your favorite game on your phone so you are relaxed. reach out to your friend to ask questions. review your notes to help you remember the important topics. take a long nap so you are well rested.
Answer:
Review your notes to help you remember the important topics
Explanation:
Reviewing your notes before and after a study session can help you apply the information to your long-term memory.
What technology is used in a plough?Describe it.
Answer:
A plough or plow (US; both /plaʊ/) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses, but in modern farms are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden, iron or steel frame, with a blade attached to cut and loosen the soil.
Hope its helpful :-)
If so, please mark me as brain-list :-)
As a result of the industrial revolution, steam engines could now be used to pull plows. In the early 20th century, internal-combustion-powered tractors replaced them.
What was industrial revolution?During the Industrial Revolution, which took place in the 18th century, scientific and technological advancements led to the industrialization of rural, agrarian cultures, particularly those in Europe and North America.
The steam engine, the age of science and mass production, and the rise of digital technology were three innovations that dramatically altered the world as we knew it.
An agrarian economy gave way to an industrial economy during the Industrial Revolution, where things were no longer exclusively manufactured by hand but also by machines.
This resulted in an uptick in output and efficiency, as well as decreased prices, a growth in goods and services, higher earnings, and a migration of people from rural to urban regions.
The advent of capitalism, European imperialism, efforts to mine coal, and the effects of the Agricultural Revolution are some of the factors that historians have recognized as contributing to the Industrial Revolution.
Water and steam power were utilised in the First Industrial Revolution to automate production. Electricity was employed by the Second to facilitate mass production. The Third automated production using electronics and information technologies.
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Jessica is currently a freshman in college who wants to work for the health, safety, and environmental management career pathway. which best describes the path she should take to give her the typical education for her goal? jessica should get her bachelor’s degree and try to intern with a brownfield redevelopment specialist. jessica should get her bachelor’s degree and work as a taxi driver to meet people in the industry. jessica should get her associate’s degree and try to intern with an occupational health and safety specialist. jessica should get her associate’s degree and work as a travel clerk to meet people in the industry.
Answer:
The answer is A. Jessica should get her bachelor’s degree and try to intern with a brownfield redevelopment specialist.
Explanation:
Brownfield Redevelopment Managers help make contaminated lands reusable. So, that would fall into the Health, Safety, and Environmental management career pathway. It's not C because you would need to have a Bachelors degree to be a Health and Safety specialist. The other options are self explanatory.
Answer: the answer is A
Explanation:
I hope this helps: )))
The nature of management is to motivate and coordinate others to cope with _____ and far-reaching challenges. a. organized b. simple c. planned d. diverse e. controlled
The nature of management is to motivate and coordinate others to cope with diverse and far-reaching challenges.
What is the term Management about?A management is defined as the controlling body who is responsible for communicating and coordinating human resources to the firm to ensure the efficiency in the business.
Moreover, with the help of diversification ideas, the particular firm is able to realize its potential and weakness that automatically helpful for taking the right decisions.
Therefore, correct option is D.
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Fast casual restaurants such as Chipotle are expanding because firms recognize that potential customers are predominantly young people. This scenario illustrates how _______ influence marketing decisions.
Fast casual restaurants such as Chipotle are expanding because firms recognize that potential customers are predominantly young people. This scenario illustrates how age influence marketing decisions.
What is marketing?Marketing involves various processes put together for sales and distribution of a particular products.
It involves strategic planning also consideration of the target market.
Therefore, Fast casual restaurants such as Chipotle are expanding because firms recognize that potential customers are predominantly young people. This scenario illustrates how age influence marketing decisions.
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A large three-car detached garage is constructed on a homesite at a cost of $65,000. The appraiser researches the market and finds that this garage only adds $30,000 in value to the property. Which valuation principle does this demonstrate?
"A large three-car detached garage is constructed on a homesite at a cost of $65,000. The appraiser researches the market and finds that this garage only adds $30,000 in value to the property." The valuation principle does demonstrate is a contribution. This is further explained below.
What is contribution?Generally, contribution is simply defined as the provision of something (as in money or effort) as a proportional share.
In conclusion, contribution is a major valuation principle.
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Using sales forecasts to make sure needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place using a computer--based operations management system is the definition of
MRP is a computer-based operations management system that relies on sales projections to ensure that the necessary parts are reachable.
What is a management system?A management system is the set of policies and procedures that are applied in the organization to ensure that the company runs smoothly and efficiently. Management systems help the company in allotting the resources to every department.
Thus, MRP is a computer-based operations management system
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An example of an explicit cost of production would be the a. lease payments for the land on which a firm's factory stands. b. value of the time the business could've spent producing something else. c. cost of forgone labor earnings for an entrepreneur. d. lost opportunity to invest in capital markets when the money is invested in one's business.
An example of an explicit cost of production would be the lease payments for the land on which a firm's factory stands.
What is explicit cost?Explicit cost refers to the total expenses, expended towards the production of a product. They are expenses incurred, hence have direct impact on the purchase of factors of production.
Hence, an example of an explicit cost of production would be the lease payments for the land on which a firm's factory stands.
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May you help me with this business question I and very struggling
Answer:
availability of direct deposit
If an economy experiences increasing opportunity costs with respect to two goods, then the production possibilities curve between the two goods will be
Production possibilities curve between the two goods will be a straight, downward-sloping line if the opportunity cost rise.
What is production possibilities curve?The production possibilities curve serves as graph that display the relationship between the resources and the output that can be produced.
Therefore, when the opportunity cost that exists between two goods, there will be. downward slope as regards the production possibilities curve.
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Social Security and Medicare taxes are two types of
taxes.
O A. employment
O B. sales
O C. property
D. income
Answer:
Income taxes
Explanation:
Those are two type of income taxes and i know this because my grandma gets those lololol..no joke though
Who do you contact if youve already accepted more loan money than you need?.
Answer:
You should contact the lender so you can return the leftover loan, reducing the amount that you owe.
If we have already accepted more loan money than what we need in that situation we can do two things:
We can contact to our lender and can explain that we have taken more loan as we required so you can take the amount and can decrease our emi and rate of interest. Secondly, we can lend that more loan amount money to different person on more rate of interest and we can earn some profit in between.What is rate of interest?
The amount of money or the percentage according to which the lender charge the money from the borrower is called rate of interest.
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Which two of the following are examples of a persuasive business message?
1. Employees can take two 30-minute breaks during an eight-hour workday.
2. Don’t let a computer virus put your business out of work. Buy our anti-virus software today.
3. Our research indicates that this manufacturing and distributing plant will create 1,500 jobs.
4. Won’t you help our company join the green movement by separating the wet and dry waste in your recycling containers?
5. On weekdays, our restaurant is open from 11:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. On weekends, we’re open until midnight.
The two examples of persuasive business message are:
Employees can take two 30-minute breaks during an eight-hour workday.Won’t you help our company join the green movement by separating the wet and dry waste in your recycling containers?What are persuasive message?Persuasive message are message sent to client in order to persuade them to buy into business idea or convince them to buy goods.
Therefore, The two examples of persuasive business message are:
Employees can take two 30-minute breaks during an eight-hour workday.Won’t you help our company join the green movement by separating the wet and dry waste in your recycling containers?Learn more about persuasive text below.
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In 2021, depending on the amounts of income and other tax information, some individuals may report their income on: a.Form 1041. b.Form 1120. c.Form 1040A. d.Form 1065. e.None of these choices are correct.
In 2021, depending on the amounts of income and other tax information, some individuals may report their income on Form 1040A.
What is Form 1040A?
Form 1040A is defined as a form that permits a person to claim a limited number of tax credits after calculated the amount of taxes, such as the child tax credit, child and dependent care expenses, the credit for the elderly or disabled, and education tax credits.
Some individuals may be required to file Form 1040A in 2021, based on their income and other tax information.
Therefore, option c is correct.
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If cream cheese and bagels are complements, then an increase in the price of cream cheese will __________ the demand for bagels. a) increase b) not change c) increase or decrease d) decrease
If cream cheese and bagels are complements, then an increase in the price of cream cheese will increase the demand for bagels.
What are complement goods?Complement goods are goods that can be used to substitute for each other.
When the price for a substitute increase, the demand for the complement also increase.
Therefore,
If cream cheese and bagels are complements, then an increase in the price of cream cheese will increase the demand for bagels
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The law of supply indicates that other things equal:.
Answer:
The law of supply is the microeconomic law that states that, all other factors being equal, as the price of a good or service increases, the quantity of goods or services that suppliers offer will increase, and vice versa.
Discuss ways in which businesses can deal with change in the workplace
Answer:
Empower employees through communication, Work with a change management model, make change compelling and exciting, and Activate leadership.
Explanation:
Communication response time must be faster than in the past to succeed in the modern workplace. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
Based on current workplace trends, a faster communication time is needed to succeed so this is True.
What does the modern workplace require?The modern workplace is characterized by faster processes and the need to stay ahead of competitors.
As a result, it is required that communication response times should be faster in order to be successful.
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How do you become a lawyer
Halliford Corporation expects to have earnings this coming year of $3.00 per share. Halliford plans to retain all of its earnings for the next two years. For the subsequent two years, the firm will retain 50% of its earnings. It will then retain 20% of its earnings from that point onward. Each year, retained earnings will be invested in new projects with an expected return of 25% per year. Any earnings that are not retained will be paid out as dividends. Assume Halliford's share count remains constant and all earnings growth comes from the investment of retained eamings. If Halliford's equity cost of capital is 10.0%, what price would you estimate for Halliford stock?Complete the steps below using cell references to given data or previous calculations. In some cases, a simple cell reference is all you need. To copy/paste a formula across a row or down a column, an absolute cell reference or a mixed cell reference may be preferred. If a specific Excel function is to be used, the directions will specify the use of that function. Do not type in numerical data into a cell or function. Instead, make a reference to the cell in which the data is found. Make your computations only in the blue cells highlighted below. In all cases, unless otherwise directed, use the earliest appearance of the data in your formulas, usually the Given Data section. Earnings per share $ 3.00 Retention period (years) 2Retention rate (1) 50% Retention rate (2) 20%Expected return 25%Equity cost of capital Year 1 2 3 4 5 6Earnings 25% 25% 12.5% 12.5EPS growth rate (vs. prior year) EPS Dividends Retention rate 100% 100% 50% 50% 20% 20%Dividend payout ratio Dividends Year 5 value of dividends after year 5 Stock price Requirements:1. In cell range D16:116, by using cell references, calculate the earnings per share for years 1:6, respectively (1 pt.). 2. In cell range D19:119, by using cell references, calculate the dividend payout ratios for years 1:6, respectively (1 pt.). 3. In cell range D20:120, by using cell references, calculate the dividends for years 1:6, respectively (1 pt.). 4. In cell D22, by using cell references, calculate the present value in Year 5 of the dividends after year 5 (1 pt.). 5. In cell D23, by using cell references, calculate the price of the stock today(1 pt.). Note: For this particular step, use actual values in your exponents --- do not use cell references in the exponents.
The price that would be estimated for Halliford stock will be $68.39.
How to calculate the stock price?Growth rate = Rate of return × Retention rate
Year 1 EPS = $3.00
Growth rate for Year 2 and Year 3 = 25% * 100% = 25%
Growth rate for Year 4 and Year 5 = 25% * 50% = 12.50%
Growth rate for Year 6 onwards per year = 25% * 20% = 5%
In conclusion, the price that would be estimated for Halliford stock will be $68.39. The attachment is provided.
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Why is it necessary for agricultural practices to continue changing?.
It is important for agricultural practices to continue changing so as to;
Increase agricultural produce.What is agricultural practices?agricultural practices are techniques that are used in cultivation of crops and rearing of animals.
With the evolvement of different techniques in agriculture, such as usage of machinery and cross breeding there has been increase in production of goods and animals.
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What does the word “marginal” mean in economics?
Which type of exploit is defined as the sending of fraudulent emails to an organization's employees designed to look like they came from high-level executives from within the organization
The type of exploit is defined as the sending of fraudulent emails to an organization's employees is known as Spear-phishing.
What is organization?Organization refers to the group of people working together in order to achieve the common objective. It involves all managerial functions such as planning, organizing, direction, staffing and controlling to achieve the organizational objective.
Spear-phishing is one of the most dangerous practice of sending an email to the employees or any other person on the name of the trusted organization.
It can lead to theft of the sensitive data of the company, manipulate the prices of the stock market and also keep espionage on the company.
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Select the correct answer. what benefit does a 401(k) plan provide over an ira? a. a higher rate of return b. fewer investment options c. less investment risk d. on-hand financial advisors e. employer’s contribution
The main benefit that a 401(K) provides for a person over an IRA is that of e. Employer's contribution.
What separates an IRA from a 401(K)?An Individual Retirement Account (IRA) by definition is a pension investment vehicle that is funded by the person who uses it to save for their retirement.
401(K)s on the other hand, have the benefit of being contributed to by employers. This allows for higher amounts to be invested, and lower amounts to be used for investing by the person who owns the 401(K).
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You see a white marker with an orange diamond and black lettering. what does this marker tell you?
Answer:
A white marker with an orange diamond and black lettering is a sign that warns boaters of possible dangers ahead, such as rapids, rocks, and dams.
The description you provided suggests a specific type of marker commonly used in various contexts, such as construction sites, roadways, or events.
The implication of the markerTypically, markers like these are used for identification or communication purposes.
Markers can have different meanings depending on the context in which they are used. For example, in some situations, an orange diamond-shaped marker with black lettering may indicate a warning or cautionary sign, alerting people to potential hazards or dangers in the area.
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Benny answers questions when he begins car shopping at the mall, three months after he has had his new car, and then a year later. The specific type of survey Benny was involved with was most likely a _____. longitudinal study mall-intercept interview ad-hoc mail survey customer satisfaction survey
Usage of a vehicle which is a car in the given case and its satisfaction measurement is known by doing option (D): "Customer Satisfaction Survey".
Why is the Customer Satisfaction Survey used?Customer satisfaction surveys provide detailed information regarding positive and negative opinions, which can help marketers and salespeople improve their efforts.
A customer satisfaction survey may be ineffective unless it generates statistical data that can be analyzed scientifically.
Small business owners utilize customer satisfaction surveys to measure how their organization is viewed by the customers they serve.
A customer satisfaction survey is a marketing tool that companies use to determine how satisfied their customers are with their brand.
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