Distillation would be used to separate the mixture of two liquids having boiling points of 45°C and 86°C.
What is distillation?Separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by evaporation and condensation is called as distillation. It is one of the most common techniques for the purification and identification of organic liquids.
Distillation is used for separating a mixture of miscible liquids into its components and when the difference in the boiling points of the liquid is more than 20-25 degree Celsius. It is a physical process as it involves phase change from liquid to gas.
Following are the steps involved in distillation:
1. Converting desired liquid from a mixture into vapor.
2. Condensing the liquid that is purified.
3. Finally, collecting the condensed liquid
There are four types of distillation namely, Fractional, simple, Vacuum and Steam Distillation.
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A student measured the maximum mass of salt that can dissolve in 100 mL of water at five different temperatures.
Which variable should go on the y-axis?
Responses
A.the mass of water
B.the temperature of water
C.the mass of salt
D.the volume of water
Answer:
B the temperature of water
Explanation:
Where is the refrain introduced and repeated in “ The Cremation of Sam McGee” ?
The Cremation of Sam McGee - The refrain is introduced at the beginning of the poem and is repeated after each stanza.
The Cremation of Sam McGee:
"The Cremation of Sam McGee" is one of Robert W. Service's (1874–1958) most well-known poems. In 1907, it was included in Songs of a Sourdough. (A "sourdough" is a Yukon inhabitant in this context.) It is based on the true account of the person who cremates a prospector who freezes to death in the Yukon region of Canada near Lake Laberge.
Canada Post issued "Robert W. Service, Sam McGee" as an 8-cent stamp on August 17, 1976. The stamp's designer is David Charles Bierk. Weeping Tile, a Canadian band led by Sarah Harmer, released their 1995 album Eepee, which featured the song "Westray," whose lyrics were primarily taken from The Cremation of Sam McGee but somewhat altered to draw reference to the Westray mining accident.
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Using VSEPR theory, we would expect the three dimensional geometric shape of a molecule of CCl4 to be
A) trigonal planar
B) tetrahedral
C) bent
D) linear
The junction between two neurones is called a __________. What one word completes the sentence? please can you fill in the missing gap
The junction between two neurons is called a synapse. Due to this junction two neurons can communicate to each other .
The brain is crucial to the nervous system why?All of the bodily processes are managed by the brain. From the brain through the back, the spinal cord descends. Every organ and bodily part can be reached by its thread-like nerves. The brain sends and receives information from various parts of the body through this network of nerves.
The point of contact between the terminal branches of one neuron's axon and the dendrite of another neuron is known as a synapse. Through this junction, two neurons can connect. Neurotransmitters are made as a result of this communication .
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How do the presence or absence of partial charges at the molecular scale help explain a liquid’s ability to dissolve salts?.
Answer:
The presence of partial charges in a liquid serve to break bonds of salts when introduced into the liquid and make a solution. The absence of partial charge would make salts insoluble in water and continue being present in their solid form even when mixed.
Explanation:
Salt is NaCl, an ionic, polar compound that when introduced to water will dissolve completely.
But why does salt dissolve in water?
Ionic compounds are compounds that transfer their electrons between one another. In NaCl, Na gives away one of its electrons to Cl. This now makes the Na be positively charged, and the Cl who now has more electrons around it, negatively charged. The positively and negatively charges around them is what makes them polar.
Now, water is H2O, this is a covalent, polar compound. Covalent compounds have a sharing of electrons between them rather than giving and taking like ionic. Hydrogen is attracted to Oxygen because of its electronegativity. This causes the Hydrogen ions to attract towards Oxygen and form bonds. The electrons in hydrogen will hover longer over oxygen because of this electronegativity. This makes hydrogen now positively charged and oxygen negatively charged.
So, "like dissolves like" is a phrase easy to memorize and used to remember that polar can dissolve polar and non-polar can dissolve non-polar. Think of oil and water: Oil is non-polar and water is polar, this is why they separate when combined together and don't mix!
Knowing this, when salt (polar) is mixed with water (polar), the salt will dissolve completely. This is because the partially negative and positive charges between the 2 molecules are being attracted to one another. The Na(partially +) is being attracted to the O (partially -) and the Cl (partially -) is being attracted to the H (partially +).
The relative atomic mass of iridium is 192.22. Explain whether a naturally occurring sample of iridium contains more 191Ir or 193Ir
The relative atomic mass of iridium is 192.22.a naturally occurring sample of Iridium contains more 193Ir .
Given,
The relative atomic mass of iridium is 192.22.
191x + 193(1-x) = 192.22
191x + 193 -193x = 192.22
193x-191x = 193 - 192.22
2x = 0.78
x= 0.78/2 = 0.39
Percentage abundance of 191Ir is 39% and 193Ir is 61% .
192.22 is about 5/8 of the way from 191 to 193 ,5/8 will be Ir193 Or 61% .
Thus, a naturally occurring sample of Iridium contains more 193Ir .
What is relative atomic mass?A physical quantity with no dimensions is relative atomic mass. It is the ratio of the mass of a carbon-12 atom to the average mass of an element's atoms (from a single sample or source) (known as the unified atomic mass unit).
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Which atomic particle(s) is (are) found in the nucleus of an atom?
Answer
Protons And Neutrons
Explanation
The nucleus itself is generally made of protons and neutrons but even these are composite objects. Inside the protons and neutrons, we find the quarks, but these appear to be indivisible, just like the electrons.
) a container filled with a sample of an ideal gas at the pressure of 3.6 atm. the gas is compressed isothermally to one-third of its original volume. what is the new pressure of the gas?
Answer: New Pressure = 10.80 atm
Examine the graph below. Which of the following statements describing the diagram is TRUE?
A) this is an endothermic reaction
B) energy is being absorbed
C) this is an exothermic reaction
D) the reactants have less energy than the products
The reaction shown in the given graph is an exothermic reaction. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
What is an exothermic reaction?An exothermic reaction involves the release of energy in the form of heat or light in the chemical reaction. These reactions can be expressed in a chemical equation as follows:
Reactants → Products + Heat/energy
An exothermic reaction in which energy is released in the form of light or heat and are the opposite of endothermic reactions. The energy is transferred into the surroundings in an exothermic reaction rather than absorbing energy from the surroundings as in an endothermic reaction.
The change in enthalpy ( ΔH) will be negative in an exothermic reaction. The net amount of energy needed to start an exothermic reaction is less than the net amount of energy liberated by the reaction.
In an exothermic reaction, the reactants have higher energy than that of the products. Therefore, an exothermic reaction will have a negative value for the change in enthalpy (ΔH < 0).
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electrochemistry studies the movement of electrons, or electricity during a spontaneous chemical reaction, or the use of electricity to bring spontaneous chemical transformations.
"Something done or occurring as a result of a sudden impulse or inclination and without premeditation or external provocation" is "spontaneous." Electro-chemical batteries contain chemical reactions that happen naturally spontaneously, or without the use of an external force.
Electro-chemical batteries contain chemical reactions that happen naturally spontaneously, or without the use of an external force. However, the opposite is not a spontaneous process since electrical energy (external stimuli) is required to induce chemical reactions inside the electrochemical cell, primarily to charge it. As a result, the latter transition is not spontaneous.
Potential is generated by spontaneous redox reactions, which can be used as a source of electrical energy, but it is not the purpose for the electrolytic cell. An electrolytic cell is a device that uses electricity to carry out chemical changes (lytic meaning breaking).
The study of chemical reactions involving the motion of electrons is known as electrochemistry. Redox processes are what drive electron motion. Galvanic and electrolytic cells make up its two different cell types.
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each element has its own unique emission spectra. explain why the emission spectrum of hydrogen is different than the emission spectrum of sodium (hint: think of how the colors seen on the spectra are created.)
Each element has an emission spectra because of different electron energy and transitions.
First and foremost, we must comprehend what emission spectra are and why they exist.
The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation released by an atom or molecule transitioning from a high energy state to a lower energy state is known as the emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound.
So, as an electron moves from a higher energy state to a lower energy state, it emits an electromagnetic wave in the form of a photon, which is light.
In the case of hydrogen, there is only one electron, and that electron moves from a higher energy state to a ground state, resulting in the emission spectrum of a hydrogen atom.
Now, in the instance of sodium metal or sodium element, there are a total of 11 electrons present, therefore 11 can travel into higher energy states before returning to the ground state. So, the amount of electrons that can be stimulated between this and element is the difference.
Each atom has several different electron transitions, each with a different energy difference. An emission spectrum is a collection of distinct transitions that result in different radiated wavelengths. As a result, the emission spectra of each element differs from one another.
As a result, each element has a distinct emission spectrum.
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Molecular formula of nitrogen
Answer:-
The chemical symbol for nitrogen is N2 the chemical formula for nitrogen gas is N2
Explanation:-
The chemical formula for nitrogen gas is N2. Nitrogen gas is one of the diatomic elements, in which one molecule consists of two atoms of the same element bonded by one or more covalent bonds.
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Answer: The molecular formula of nitrogen is N2.
Explanation: The atomic number of nitrogen is 7 as it is the 7th element of the periodic table and its molecular weight is 28.
nitrogen (N), a nonmetallic element of Group 15 [Va] of the periodic table. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is the most plentiful element in Earth's atmosphere and is a constituent of all living matter.
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In which pair of atoms do the nuclei contain the same number of neutrons?
*
1 point
Calcium - 40 and Calcium - 42
Chlorine - 35 and Sulfur - 34
Bromine - 83 and Krypton - 83
Iodine - 127 and Bromine - 80
The pair of atoms in which the nuclei contain the same number of neutrons is Chlorine - 35 and Sulfur - 34
The nucleus of the atom is composed of protons and neutrons. The neutrons have no charge on them and is represented by the letter N. The difference between mass number of the atom and its atomic number would give the number of neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom.
The number of neutrons of the respective atoms are
(i) Calcium – 40 = 20 neutrons
Calcium – 42 = 22 neutrons
(ii) Chlorine – 35 = 18 neutrons
Sulfur – 34 = 18 neutrons
(iii) Bromine – 83 = 48 neutrons
Krypton – 83 = 47 neutrons
(iv) Iodine – 127 = 74 neutrons
Bromine – 80 = 45 neutrons
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A mixture of C3H8 and C2H2 has a mass of 2.0 g. It is burned in excess O2 to form a mixture of water and carbon dioxide that contains 1.5 times as many moles of CO2 as of water. Find the mass of C2H2 in the original mixture.
The mass of C₂H₂ in the mixture is 0.56 gram in the original mixture
What is Molar mass and moles of a compound?
The mass in grammes of one mole of a chemical is its molar mass.
A mole is the measurement of the number of things, such as atoms, molecules, and ions, that are present in a substance. Any material has 6.022 x 10²³ molecules in a mole.
The mole is a fundamental (SI) unit of measurement for substance quantity in chemistry. The chemical amount is another name for this amount.
An object with mass and space is considered to be a material. The entire mass of the atoms required to form a molecule per mole, expressed in grammes, is what makes up the molar mass, also known as the molecular weight. Grams per mole are used to measure molar mass.
The balanced equation for the reaction for the given question is:
C₂H₂ + 2C₂H₂ + 10O₂ ----------> 7CO₂ + 6H₂O.
From the reaction, we know that the oxygen was in excess, this will make the Carbon sources the limiting agents in the reaction. The details of the reaction showed that the ratio of water to the carbon dioxide is 1.6:1. This also means that the expected mole of carbon dioxide will be 7/1.6, which is 3.75moles.
The individual balanced equation of reaction is:
C₂H₂ +5O₂ ----------> 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
and 2C₂H₂ + 5O₂ ----------->4CO₂ + 2H₂O.
From this we can tell that the propane is in sufficient supply as it produces 3 moles of CO₂ out of the expected 3.75 moles obtained above. Leaving 0.75moles of CO₂ to the ethyne.
The mass of ethyne in the mixture will therefore be: 0.75/3.75 X 2.8 = 0.56g.
The mass of C₂H₂ in the mixture is 0.56gram in the original mixture
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As the energy level of an orbit becomes more negative, does the electron experience a stronger or weaker attraction to the nucleus?.
We must now decide whether the attraction or repulsion becomes weaker or stronger.
The attraction increases as electrons come nearer to the nucleus. We must first define the conditions that can lead to attraction and those that can lead to repulsion. In electrical interactions: By the rules governing electric charges; unlike poles attract, as poles repel.
Additionally, the nucleus of an atom in the atomic model has a positive charge because it contains protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no charge. Because the electrons orbit their orbit and the nucleus is positively charged. The force is an attracting force as a result.
As is common knowledge, the strength of an attraction or repulsion depends inversely on the distance between two objects. energized particles (the electrons and the nucleus in this case). The force of attraction between an electron and a nucleus grows as the distance between them decreases as an electron approaches the nucleus. The attraction force will eventually get greater as an electron gets closer to the nucleus because of the shorter distance between them.
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5. Find the percent composition of all of the elements in the above compound.
ON: 10%/S: 90%
ON: 50% / S: 50%
ON: 40%/S: 60%
ON: 30%/S: 70%
The percent composition of each element in water is: Hydrogen = 11.21 and for Oxygen = 88.79
What is percent composition?
It tells you by mass what percent of each element is present in the compound.It is a ratio of an amount of each element to the total amount of individual elements in a compound, which is then multiplied with 100.% composition =
( Mass of element in one mole / molar mass of compound) × 100
Molar mass of Hydrogen = 1.01 × 2 ( as 2 hydrogen molecules are present)
= 2.02 g/ mole
Molar mass of Oxygen = 16 × 1 = 16 g/mol
Molar mass of water = 16 + 2.02 = 18.02 g
% composition of hydrogen = (2.02 / 18.02 ) × 100
= 0.112 × 100
= 11.21
% composition of Oxygen = (16 / 18.02) × 100
= 88.79
Thus option 1 is correct
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Note: The complete question is given below
Find the percent composition of each element in water.
options
1. H= 11.21% and O = 88.79 %
2. H = 8.56% and O = 78.25%
3. H = 15. 3% and O = 52. 65%
4. H = 12.3 % and O = 34.6%
3. The diagram below represents a water molecule.
This molecule is best described as
A nonpolar with nonpolar covalent bonds
B. nonpolar with polar covalent bonds
C. polar with nonpolar covalent bonds
D. polar with polar covalent bonds
This molecule is best described as polar with polar covalent bonds
Option d. is correct answer
What is covalent bond?
A covalent bond is created when the two atoms involved share their electrons equally. The shared pair or bonding pair is the name given to the electron pair in this kind of interaction. Covalent bonds are also known as molecular bonds. Due to the sharing of bonding pairs, the atoms will become stable in their outer shell, similar to the atoms of noble gases.
Polar and polar covalent bond exist because in a covalent bond, electrons are shared by atoms with various electronegativities.
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the sweetness of honey gradually decreases at a high temperature. also, high-fructose corn syrup (a commercial product in which much of the glucose in corn syrup is converted to fructose) is used for sweetening cold drinks but not hot drinks. what chemical property of fructose could account for both of these observations?
Answer:
Fructose will cyclize to either furanose or pyranose. Increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium in the direction of furanose, the less sweet form.
Explanation:
The higher the temperature the less sweet since there will be more furanose than pyranose.
2. True or False: Liquid carbon dioxide changes from the liquid to the gas
phase through a process called sublimation at room temperature. This is
an example of a physical change.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
its going through a physical change beings that its compound never changes chemically.
Answer: I believe False
Explanation:
Sublimation occurs when a substance changes directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase But the physical change part is correct though
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3. you have two organic compounds, one with no ionizable groups, and soluble in ether and another organic compound soluble in ether at ph 0 (with an ionizable group with a pka of 2.0). describe how you would separate these compounds by extraction.
By using the acid – base extraction process, we can separate the given organic compounds.
A liquid-liquid extraction is a type of acid-base extraction. It usually includes differing amounts of solubility in water and an organic solvent. Any carbon-based liquid that does not dissolve well in water can be used as the organic solvent; prominent examples include ether, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane.
Acid-base extraction is a method of purifying acids and bases from mixtures depending on their chemical characteristics by employing consecutive liquid-liquid extractions.
In this scenario, acid-base extraction is required since it is also employed to separate the two different weak acids or two weak bases with a considerable variation in their pKa (as observed in this case). In the case of acids, the considerably stronger acid with a low pKa value (here, pKa is 2) is neutralized to a salt by utilizing a weak base. Only the stronger acid is converted into a salt when the weak base reacts inefficiently with the weaker acid. The salt is then extracted into the aqueous phase while the other weakly acidic chemical stays dissolved in the organic solvent, which in this case is ether. We can now separate the aqueous and organic phases using a separatory funnel.
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aaaa can someone genuinely help me please, :’)
What pressure will be required for neon at 30°C to have the same density as nitrogen at 20°C and 1.0 atm?
1.5 atm pressure will be required for neon at 30°C to have the same density as nitrogen at 20°C and 1.0 atm.
What does nitrogen gas density mean?Nitrogen gas has a density of 0.07807 lbs/cubic foot (0.0012506 grams/cubic centimeter) at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and one atmosphere of pressure. At one atmosphere of pressure, nitrogen gas boils at 320.4 degrees Fahrenheit.
Is nitrogen a solid at STP?Dinitrogen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula N2, is created when two of the element's atoms combine at standard temperature and pressure. Around 78% of the atmosphere on Earth is made up of dinitrogen. Diatomic molecules of nitrogen are found and have unusually low melting temperatures (210 °C) and boiling points (196 °C).
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How many grams of oxygen are needed to react completely with 200.0 g of ammonia, NH3?
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
Fluorocarbons are compounds of fluorine and carbon. A 45.60 g sample of a gaseous fluorocarbon contains 7.94 g of carbon and 37.66 g of fluorine and occupies 7.40 L at STP (P =1.00 atm and T = 273.15 K). Determine the approximate molar mass of the fluorocarbon and give its molecular formula
The approximate molar mass of the fluorocarbon is 138 g mol⁻¹.
Fluorocarbons are fluorinated carbon chain polymers that might be utilized in an assortment of family and commercial merchandise as waterproofing agents, lubricants, sealants, and leather conditioners.
Fluorocarbon is more abrasion resistant than widespread nylon monofilament of identical diameters. Plus, at the same time as the solar's harsh ultraviolet rays weaken nylon over the years, fluorocarbon shrugs off UV and not using ill-consequences. waterproof unlike mono and a few superlines, fluoro does not take in water.
The molar mass of a chemical compound is defined as the mass of a pattern of that compound divided via the quantity of a substance that's the variety of moles in that sample, measured in moles. The molar mass is a bulk, not molecular, an asset of a substance.
calculation:-
M = d[tex]\frac{RT}{P}[/tex]; d = m/v
= ([tex]\frac{45.60 g}{7.40}[/tex]) ([tex]\frac{0.082 * 273}{1}[/tex]
= 138 g mol⁻¹
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what is the air pressure in a tornado?
Given the speed of light is 3×10^8m/s calculate the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation whose frequency is 7.8x10^12Hz. Answer in units of m.
The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is 4.87 × 10⁻⁵ m.
What is the wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation?The wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation is the distance between successive points in the wave that are in phase.
The wavelength, speed and frequency of a wave are related by the formula below:
Speed = wavelength * frequencyHence;
Wavelength = speed / frequency
The speed of the wave = 3 × 10⁸ m/s
frequency = 7.8 x 10¹² Hz
Wavelength = 3 × 10⁸ m/s / 7.8 x 10¹² Hz
Wavelength = 4.87 × 10⁻⁵ m
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What are some properties of plasma?
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide given off, at s.t.p, when 0.9g of glucose ferments:
C6H12O6 (aq) ----> 2C2H5OH (aq) + 2CO2 (g)
0.112 L CO₂ is the volume of carbon dioxide.
Glucose ferments decompose to form the ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Balanced equation : C₆H₁₂O₆ ----> 2C₂H₅OH (aq) + 2CO₂ (g)
By using formula, M= m/n
Where,
M⇒ Molar mass
m⇒ Mass of a substance (in grams)
n⇒ Number of moles of a substance
The molar mass (M) of C₆H₁₂O₆ (aq) ⇒180.156 g/mol
Calculating the moles(n) of C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) .
n ⇒ m/M
m ⇒ mass ⇒ 0.9 C₆H₁₂O₆
M ⇒ molar mass
n ⇒180.156g/mol C₆H₁₂O₆
n ⇒ 0.9g C₆H₁₂O₆/ 180.156 g/mol
n⇒ 0.005 mol C₆H₁₂O₆
Calculating moles(m) of CO₂ :
m⇒0.005 mol CaCO₃× (1 mol CO₂/1 mol C₆H₁₂O₆)
m⇒ 0.005 mol CO₂
At STP of 273.15 K (0°C) and 1 atm, the molar volume of a gas is 22.414 L/mol.
Calculating volume of CO₂ :
Multiply the mole CO₂ by the molar volume to get the volume of CO₂ in liters.
⇒ 0.005 mol CO₂× 22.414 L/mol
⇒ 0.112 L CO₂ to three significant figures
Converting volume CO₂ in L to mL.
⇒ 0.112 L CO₂ × 1000 mL/L
⇒ 112.07 mL CO₂
Volume of CO₂ ⇒ 0.112 L CO₂ or 112.07 mL CO₂
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acid deposition can be decreased by reducing industrial fossil fuel combustion. in accomplishing this, the amount of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulates, and mercury produced would also be lowered. what is the current best strategy, resulting in the greatest decline, for reducing sulfur dioxide from these industrial emission?
Cap and trade programs for reducing sulfur dioxide from these industrial emission.
How might sulphur dioxide emissions be reduced?Burning low-sulfur fuel, such as natural gas, low-sulfur oil, or low-sulfur coal, is an efficient way to reduce SOx emissions since sulphur emissions are proportional to the sulphur content of the fuel. The fact that natural gas produces no particulate matter when burnt is an additional benefit.
It is a contaminant that increases acid deposition, which can affect the quality of soil and water. Acid deposition may have serious aftereffects, including detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems in rivers and lakes as well as harm to forests, crops, and other plants.
Electric utilities, particularly those that burn coal, are the main source of sulphur dioxide discharged into the atmosphere.
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Based on the thermodynamic properties provided for water, determine the energy change when the temperature of 0.750 kg of water decreased from 123 °C to 23.0 °C.
The energy change when the temperature of 0.750 kg of water decreased from 123 °C to 23.0 °C is -313.5 kJ.
In this problem, we are dealing with specific heat which is referred to as the sum of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius.Since we know the boiling point of water is 100°C, at 123°C, the water is steam.
The formula we are referring to for calculating the heat energy Q
Q= m C ΔT
where m is the mass of water which is equal to 0.750 Kg, then
C is the specific heat of water equal to 4180 J/Kg °C and
ΔT is the change in temperature which is (23-123)= -100°C
So, assembling those desired values on the formula we get,
Q= 0.750 (4180) (-100)
Q=-313500
= -313.5 kJ
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Calculate the ph of a solution when 0. 200 moles of solid naoh is added to 2. 00 liter of 0. 250 m hcl. Assume no change in volume.
For the provided solution that is mentioned, the final solution has a pH of pH = 1.2.
NaOH and HCl(aq) (aq) ————> aq NaCl plus o2 (l)
Strong acids and bases are being combined. We can tell from this reaction that the mole ratio is 1:1.
Let's find out how many moles each reactant has currently;
n(HCl)=30/1000*0.200=0.006 moles
NaOH concentration = 30/1000 x 2.00 = 0.06 moles.
We can observe that the amount of HCl is two times greater than the amount of NaOH. NaOH is the limiting reactant as a result.
As a result, 0.006 moles of HCl and 0.006 moles of NaOH react, with 0.006 moles of HCl remaining after the reaction.
Total volume of solution is 60 mL (0.06 L) or 30 mL plus 30 mL.
H3O+ concentration in the remaining solution is 0.006.
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